| Sumario: | Accounts of mass atrocities habitually focus on one kind of violence and its archetypal victim, inviting uncritical, ungendered misconceptions: for example, rape only impacts women; genocide is only about dead, battle-aged men. We approach collective violence as multiple, intersecting forms of victimization, targeted and experienced through differential social identities, and translated throughout communities. Through mixed-method analyses of Darfuri refugees' testimonies, we show ( a) gendered causes and collective effects of selective killing, sexual violence, and anti-livelihood crimes, ( b) how they cause displacement, ( c) that they can be genocidal and empirically distinct from nongenocidal forms, ( d) how the process of genocidal social destruction can work, and ( e) how it does work in Darfur. Darfuris are victimized through gender roles, yielding a gendered meaning-making process that communicates socially destructive messages through crimes that selectively target other genders. The collective result is displacement and destruction of Darfuris' ways of life: genocide.
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