Association between antiretroviral therapy adherence and employment status: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective. To assess the association between the employment status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for studies reporting ART...

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Published in:Bulletin of the World Health Organization Vol. 93; no. 1; pp. 29 - 42
Main Authors: Nachega, Jean B., Uthman, Olalekan A., Peltzer, Karl, Richardson, Lindsey A., Mills, Edward J., Amekudzi, Kofi, Ouédraogo, Alice
Format: meta analysis research systematic review tables/charts Journal Article
Published: World Health Organization Jan2015
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        atl: Association between antiretroviral therapy adherence and employment status: systematic review and meta-analysis.
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          Nachega, Jean B.
          Uthman, Olalekan A.
          Peltzer, Karl
          Richardson, Lindsey A.
          Mills, Edward J.
          Amekudzi, Kofi
          Ouédraogo, Alice
        affil: Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 503 Parran Hall, 130 DeSoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States of America (USA)
      sug:
        subj:
          AIDS Patients Evaluation
          Anti-Retroviral Agents Administration and Dosage
          Medication Compliance Evaluation
          Employment Status
          Funding Source
          Human
          Meta Analysis
          Systematic Review
          Descriptive Statistics
          Odds Ratio
          Confidence Intervals
          Chi Square Test
          P-Value
          Data Analysis, Statistical
          Data Analysis Software
          Regression
          Male
          Female
          Adult
          Middle Age
          Aged
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Aged: 65+ years
          Male
          Female
      ab: Objective. To assess the association between the employment status of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods. We searched the Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for studies reporting ART adherence and employment status published between January 1980 and September 2014. Information from a wide range of other sources, including the grey literature, was also analysed. Two independent reviewers extracted data on treatment adherence and study characteristics. Study data on the association between being employed and adhering to ART were pooled using a random-effects model. Between-study heterogeneity and sources of bias were evaluated. Findings. The meta-analysis included 28 studies published between 1996 and 2014 that together involved 8743 HIV-infected individuals from 14 countries. The overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for the association between being employed and adhering to ART was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.04–1.55). The association was significant for studies from low-income countries (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.58–2.18) and high-income countries (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02–1.74) but not middle-income countries (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.62–1.42). In addition, studies published after 2011 and larger studies showed less association between employment and adherence than earlier and small studies, respectively. Conclusion. Employed HIV-infected individuals, particularly those in low- and high-income countries, were more likely to adhere to ART than unemployed individuals. Further research is needed on the mechanisms by which employment and ART adherence affect each other and on whether employment-creation interventions can positively influence ART adherence, HIV disease progression and quality of life. a Department
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        meta analysis
        research
        systematic review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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