The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children.
Background: It is difficult to discern the proportion of blood lead (PbB) attributable to ambient air lead (PbA), given the multitude of lead (Pb) sources and pathways of exposure. The PbB–PbA relationship has previously been evaluated across populations. This relationship was a central consideratio...
| Publicado en: | Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 122; no. 7; pp. 754 - 761 |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Formato: | equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Jul2014
|
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=103976824&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 103976824 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00916765 3B5 jtl: Environmental Health Perspectives issn: 00916765 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Jul2014 vid: 122 iid: 7 pid: 56539 pub: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences place: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina artinfo: ui: 103976824 97129965 10.1289/ehp.1307072 103976824 ppf: 754 ppct: 7 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P tig: atl: The Influence of Declining Air Lead Levels on Blood Lead–Air Lead Slope Factors in Children. aug: au: Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer Meng, Qingyu Davis, Allen Cohen, Jonathan Lu, Shou-En Svendsgaard, David Brown, James S. Tuttle, Lauren Hubbard, Heidi Rice, Joann Kirrane, Ellen Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa C. Kotchmar, Dennis Hines, Erin P. Ross, Mary affil: National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA sug: subj: Lead Blood Air Pollutants Adverse Effects Lead Poisoning Air Pollution Risk Factors Human Male Female Adult Child Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Software Confidence Intervals Odds Ratio Regression Funding Source Adult: 19-44 years Child: 6-12 years Male Female ab: Background: It is difficult to discern the proportion of blood lead (PbB) attributable to ambient air lead (PbA), given the multitude of lead (Pb) sources and pathways of exposure. The PbB–PbA relationship has previously been evaluated across populations. This relationship was a central consideration in the 2008 review of the Pb national ambient air quality standards. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between PbB and PbA concentrations among children nationwide for recent years and to compare the relationship with those obtained from other studies in the literature. Methods: We merged participant-level data for PbB from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and NHANES 9908 (1999–2008) with PbA data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We applied mixed-effects models, and we computed slope factor, d[PbB]/d[PbA] or the change in PbB per unit change in PbA, from the model results to assess the relationship between PbB and PbA. Results: Comparing the NHANES regression results with those from the literature shows that slope factor increased with decreasing PbA among children 0–11 years of age. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a larger relative public health benefit may be derived among children from decreases in PbA at low PbA exposures. Simultaneous declines in Pb from other sources, changes in PbA sampling uncertainties over time largely related to changes in the size distribution of Pb-bearing particulate matter, and limitations regarding sampling size and exposure error may contribute to the variability in slope factor observed across peer-reviewed studies. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|