Improving the Human Hazard Characterization of Chemicals: A Tox21 Update.

Background: In 2008, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Computational Toxicology, and the National Human Genome Research Institute/National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center e...

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Publicado en:Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 121; no. 7; pp. 756 - 766
Autores principales: Tice, Raymond R., Austin, Christopher P., Kavlock, Robert J., Bucher, John R.
Formato: review tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Jul2013
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2013
      vid: 121
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      pub: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
      place: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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        atl: Improving the Human Hazard Characterization of Chemicals: A Tox21 Update.
      aug:
        au:
          Tice, Raymond R.
          Austin, Christopher P.
          Kavlock, Robert J.
          Bucher, John R.
        affil: Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Organic Chemicals Classification
          Hazardous Materials Classification
          Environmental Health
          Toxicology
          Collaboration
          United States Food and Drug Administration
          United States Environmental Protection Agency
          Technology, Pharmaceutical
          Bioinformatics
          Biological Assay
      ab: Background: In 2008, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Toxicology Program, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National Center for Computational Toxicology, and the National Human Genome Research Institute/National Institutes of Health Chemical Genomics Center entered into an agreement on 'high throughput screening, toxicity pathway profiling, and biological interpretation of findings.' In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) joined the collaboration, known informally as Tox21. Objectives: The Tox21 partners agreed to develop a vision and devise an implementation strategy to shift the assessment of chemical hazards away from traditional experimental animal toxicology studies to one based on target-specific, mechanism-based, biological observations largely obtained using in vitro assays. Discussion: Here we outline the efforts of the Tox21 partners up to the time the FDA joined the collaboration, describe the approaches taken to develop the science and technologies that are currently being used, assess the current status, and identify problems that could impede further progress as well as suggest approaches to address those problems. Conclusion: Tox21 faces some very difficult issues. However, we are making progress in integrating data from diverse technologies and end points into what is effectively a systems-biology approach to toxicology. This can be accomplished only when comprehensive knowledge is obtained with broad coverage of chemical and biological/toxicological space. The efforts thus far reflect the initial stage of an exceedingly complicated program, one that will likely take decades to fully achieve its goals. However, even at this stage, the information obtained has attracted the attention of the international scientific community, and we believe these efforts foretell the future of toxicology.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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