The influence of perivascular adipose tissue on vascular homeostasis.
The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is now recognized as an active contributor to vascular function. Adipocytes and stromal cells contained within PVAT are a source of an ever-growing list of molecules with varied paracrine effects on the underlying smooth muscle and endothelial cells, including...
| Publicado en: | Vascular Health & Risk Management Vol. 9; pp. 105 - 117 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | review Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Dove Medical Press Ltd
2013
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=104221234&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 104221234 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 11766344 6BXM jtl: Vascular Health & Risk Management issn: 11766344 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: 2013 vid: 9 pid: 45064 pub: Dove Medical Press Ltd place: Auckland, <Blank> artinfo: ui: 104221234 104221234 NLM23576873 2012241823 10.2147/VHRM.S33760 NLM23576873 PMC3616689 104221234 ppf: 105 ppct: 12 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P tig: atl: The influence of perivascular adipose tissue on vascular homeostasis. aug: au: Szasz, Theodora Bomfim, Gisele Facholi Webb, R Clinton affil: Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, USA. sug: subj: Adipose Tissue Metabolism Blood Vessels Metabolism Cardiovascular Diseases Metabolism Cell Physiology Peptide Hormones Metabolism Adipose Tissue Pathology Adipose Tissue Physiopathology Animals Blood Vessels Pathology Blood Vessels Physiopathology Cardiovascular Diseases Pathology Cardiovascular Diseases Physiopathology Diabetes Mellitus Metabolism Homeostasis Inflammation Mediators Metabolism Metabolic Syndrome X Metabolism Obesity Metabolism Signal Transduction ab: The perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is now recognized as an active contributor to vascular function. Adipocytes and stromal cells contained within PVAT are a source of an ever-growing list of molecules with varied paracrine effects on the underlying smooth muscle and endothelial cells, including adipokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and gaseous compounds. Their secretion is regulated by systemic or local cues and modulates complex processes, including vascular contraction and relaxation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and vascular inflammation. Recent evidence demonstrates that metabolic and cardiovascular diseases alter the morphological and secretory characteristics of PVAT, with notable consequences. In obesity and diabetes, the expanded PVAT contributes to vascular insulin resistance. PVAT-derived cytokines may influence key steps of atherogenesis. The physiological anticontractile effect of PVAT is severely diminished in hypertension. Above all, a common denominator of the PVAT dysfunction in all these conditions is the immune cell infiltration, which triggers the subsequent inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxic processes to promote vascular dysfunction. In this review, we discuss the currently known mechanisms by which the PVAT influences blood vessel function. The important discoveries in the study of PVAT that have been made in recent years need to be further advanced, to identify the mechanisms of the anticontractile effects of PVAT, to explore the vascular-bed and species differences in PVAT function, to understand the regulation of PVAT secretion of mediators, and finally, to uncover ways to ameliorate cardiovascular disease by targeting therapeutic approaches to PVAT. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: review Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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