Imaging in pulmonary hypertension, part 1: clinical perspectives, classification, imaging techniques and imaging algorithm.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an uncommon condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has diverse aetiology with differing clinical presentations, imaging features and treatments that range from surgical treatment of proximal chronic thromboembolic disease to targete...

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Published in:Postgraduate Medical Journal Vol. 88; no. 1039; pp. 271 - 280
Main Authors: McCann C, Gopalan D, Sheares K, Screaton N
Format: Journal Article
Published: Oxford University Press / USA May2012
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        atl: Imaging in pulmonary hypertension, part 1: clinical perspectives, classification, imaging techniques and imaging algorithm.
      aug:
        au:
          McCann C
          Gopalan D
          Sheares K
          Screaton N
        affil: Department of Radiology, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK. deepa.gopalan@btopenworld.com.
      sug:
        subj:
          Hypertension, Pulmonary Classification
          Hypertension, Pulmonary Diagnosis
          Hypertension, Pulmonary Etiology
          Hypertension, Pulmonary Physiopathology
          Lung Blood Supply
          Lung Pathology
          Lung Physiopathology
          Algorithms
          Angiography Methods
          Disease Management
          Echocardiography Methods
          Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods
          Perfusion Imaging Methods
          Pulmonary Circulation
          Respiratory Function Tests Methods
          Tomography, X-Ray Computed Methods
          Vascular Resistance
          Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
      ab: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an uncommon condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has diverse aetiology with differing clinical presentations, imaging features and treatments that range from surgical treatment of proximal chronic thromboembolic disease to targeted medical therapies in small vessel disease. Current classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is clinically based and groups diseases with similar pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Groupings include conditions characterised by diffuse small vessel diseases such as idiopathic PAH, PH secondary to chronic hypoxic lung disease, left sided cardiac disease, chronic large vessel obstruction such as chronic thromboembolic disease and a miscellaneous group of diseases. The physiological manifestation of all of these diseases is increased pulmonary vascular resistance and PAH and while clinical features may provide a clue to diagnosis imaging plays a fundamental role in establishing a precise diagnosis and therefore guides therapy. A broad range of imaging modalities is available for the patient with suspected PH including chest radiograph, echocardiography, ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, catheter pulmonary angiography as well as cross-sectional CT and MRI. Each modality has its strengths and limitations and different techniques may be used at different stages of diagnostic investigation and frequently complement each other. For example, while MRI and echocardiography permit cardiac structural and functional assessment, CT pulmonary angiography provides exquisite morphological information about the proximal pulmonary vasculature and lung parenchyma but little functional information. Modern cross-sectional imaging techniques (CT and MRI) hold the promise of a comprehensive evaluation of the heart, circulation and lung parenchyma in PH. The authors present a multimodality-imaging algorithm for the investigation of patients with suspected PH though it is acknowledged that there is some variation in practice depending on availability of resources and expertise.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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