Individual differences in rhesus monkeys' demand for drugs of abuse.
A relatively small percentage of humans who are exposed to drugs of abuse eventually become addicted to or dependent on those drugs. These individual differences in likelihood of developing drug addiction may reflect behavioral, neurobiological or genetic correlates of drug addiction and are therefo...
| Publicado en: | Addiction Biology Vol. 17; no. 5; pp. 887 - 897 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Wiley-Blackwell
Sep2012
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=104367421&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 104367421 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 13556215 ADB jtl: Addiction Biology issn: 13556215 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Sep2012 vid: 17 iid: 5 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell place: Malden, Massachusetts artinfo: ui: 104367421 NLM21762288 2011683007 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00335.x NLM21762288 104367421 ppf: 887 ppct: 10 formats: tig: atl: Individual differences in rhesus monkeys' demand for drugs of abuse. aug: au: Koffarnus MN Hall A Winger G Koffarnus, Mikhail N Hall, Amy Winger, Gail affil: Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224-6823, USA sug: subj: Individuality Reinforcement (Psychology) Substance Use Disorders Psychosocial Factors Anesthetics Pharmacodynamics Animals Central Nervous System Depressants Pharmacodynamics Cocaine Pharmacodynamics Conditioning (Psychology) Drug Effects Ethanol Pharmacodynamics Female Ketamine Pharmacodynamics Primates Male Barbiturates Pharmacodynamics Piperidines Pharmacodynamics Female Male ab: A relatively small percentage of humans who are exposed to drugs of abuse eventually become addicted to or dependent on those drugs. These individual differences in likelihood of developing drug addiction may reflect behavioral, neurobiological or genetic correlates of drug addiction and are therefore important to model. Behavioral economic measures of demand establish functions whose overall elasticity (rate of decrease in consumption as price increases) reflects the reinforcing effectiveness of various stimuli, including drugs. Using these demand functions, we determined the reinforcing effectiveness of five drugs of abuse (cocaine, remifentanil, ketamine, methohexital and ethanol) in 10 rhesus monkeys with histories of intravenous drug-taking. There was a continuum of reinforcing effectiveness across the five drugs, with cocaine and remifentanil showing the most reinforcing effectiveness. There was also a continuum of sensitivity of the monkeys; two of the 10 animals, in particular, showed greater demand for the drugs than did the remaining eight monkeys. In addition, monkeys that demonstrated greater demand for one drug tended to show greater demand for all drugs but did not show a similar relatively greater demand for sucrose pellets. These findings suggest that the tendency to find drugs to be reinforcing is a general one, not restricted to particular drugs and also, that a minority of animals show a substantially enhanced sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of drugs. The possibility that differences in responsiveness to the reinforcing effects of drugs may form the basis of individual differences in drug-taking in humans should be considered. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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