Early-Life Soy Exposure and Gender-Role Play Behavior in Children.
BACKGROUND: Soy-based infant formula contains high levels of isoflavones. These estrogen-like compounds have been shown to induce changes in sexually dimorphic behaviors in animals exposed in early development. OBJECTIVE: We examined gender-role play behavior in relation to soy-based and non-soy-bas...
| Publicado en: | Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 119; no. 12; pp. 1811 - 1817 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
Dec2011
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=104513045&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 104513045 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00916765 3B5 jtl: Environmental Health Perspectives issn: 00916765 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Dec2011 vid: 119 iid: 12 pid: 56539 pub: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences place: Research Triangle Park, North Carolina artinfo: ui: 104513045 70987506 10.1289/ehp.1103579 NLM21813368 PMC3261982 104513045 ppf: 1811 ppct: 6 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Early-Life Soy Exposure and Gender-Role Play Behavior in Children. aug: au: Adgent, Margaret A. Daniels, Julie L. Edwards, Lloyd J. Siega-Riz, Anna Maria Rogan, Walter J. affil: Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina¿Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Epidemiology Branch, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA sug: subj: Soybeans Child Development Child Behavior Gender Identity Infant Formula Human Child, Preschool Post Hoc Analysis Descriptive Statistics Confidence Intervals Male Female Sex Factors Isoflavones Analysis Play and Playthings United Kingdom Prospective Studies Questionnaires Summated Rating Scaling Chi Square Test T-Tests Data Analysis Software Regression Funding Source Child, Preschool: 2-5 years Male Female ab: BACKGROUND: Soy-based infant formula contains high levels of isoflavones. These estrogen-like compounds have been shown to induce changes in sexually dimorphic behaviors in animals exposed in early development. OBJECTIVE: We examined gender-role play behavior in relation to soy-based and non-soy-based infant feeding methods among children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. METHODS: We studied 3,664 boys and 3,412 girls. Four exposure categories were created using data from questionnaires administered at 6 and 15 months postpartum: primarily breast, early formula (referent), early soy, and late soy. Gender-role play behavior was assessed using the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI). Associations between infant feeding and PSAI scores at 42 months of age were assessed using linear regression. Post hoc analyses of PSAI scores at 30 and 57 months were also conducted. RESULTS: Early-infancy soy use was reported for approximately 2% of participants. Mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] PSAI scores at 42 months were 62.3 (62.0, 62.6) and 36.9 (36.6, 37.2) for boys and girls, respectively. After adjustment, early soy (vs. early formula) feeding was associated with higher (less feminine) PSAI scores in girls (β = 2.66; 95% CI: 0.19, 5.12) but was not significantly associated with PSAI scores in boys. The association between soy exposure and PSAI scores in girls was substantially attenuated at 30 and 57 months. CONCLUSIONS: Although not consistent throughout childhood, early-life soy exposure was associated with less female-typical play behavior in girls at 42 months of age. Soy exposure was not significantly associated with play behavior in boys. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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