Effect of exercise-induced dehydration on time-trial exercise performance: a meta-analysis.

Objective To use the meta-analytical procedures to determine the magnitude of the effect of exercise-induced dehydration (EID) upon time-trial (TT) exercise performance. Methods Studies were located via database searches and cross-referencing. TT performance outcomes were converted to mean percentag...

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Publicado en:British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 45; no. 14; pp. 1149 - 1157
Autor principal: Goulet ED
Formato: research Journal Article
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group Nov2011
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Nov2011
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        atl: Effect of exercise-induced dehydration on time-trial exercise performance: a meta-analysis.
      aug:
        au: Goulet ED
        affil: Research Centre on Aging/Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 4C4. eric.goulet@usherbrooke.ca.
      sug:
        subj:
          Athletic Performance Physiology
          Cycling Physiology
          Dehydration Etiology
          Exercise Physiology
          Adult
          Energy Metabolism Physiology
          Environment
          Female
          Human
          Male
          Exertion Physiology
          Thirst
          Time Factors
          Weight Loss Physiology
          Young Adult
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Female
          Male
      ab: Objective To use the meta-analytical procedures to determine the magnitude of the effect of exercise-induced dehydration (EID) upon time-trial (TT) exercise performance. Methods Studies were located via database searches and cross-referencing. TT performance outcomes were converted to mean percentage changes in power output. Random-effects model meta-regressions, analogue to the ANOVA and weighted mean effect summaries were used to delineate the effect of the EID-associated body weight (BW) loss on TT performance. Results Five research articles, all using cycling TTs, were included, producing 13 effect estimates and representing 39 subjects. The mean ambient temperature, relative humidity, exercise intensity and duration of the exercise trials were 26.0±6.7°C, 61±9%, 68±14% of VO2max and 86±34 min, respectively. The effect of EID (mean BW loss of 2.20±1.0%) during self-paced exercise conditions was to produce a non-significant increase in endurance performance of 0.06±2.72% (p=0.94), compared with the maintenance of euhydration (mean BW loss of 0.44±0.48%). Meta-regression analyses revealed a statistically significant relationship between the percentage changes in power output and exercise intensity and duration, but not with the EID-associated percentage changes in BW loss. Drinking according to the dictate of thirst was associated with an increase in TT performance compared with a rate of drinking below (+5.2±4.6%, p=0.01) or above (+2.4±5.0%, p=0.40) thirst. The probability that drinking to thirst confers a real and meaningful advantage on TT performances conducted under field conditions compared with a rate of drinking below and above thirst sensation is of the order of 98% and 62%, respectively. Conclusions (1) Compared with euhydration, EID (up to 4% BW loss) does not alter cycling performances during out-of-door exercise conditions; (2) exercise intensity and duration have a much greater impact on cycling TT performances than EID and; (3) relying on thirst sensation to gauge the need for fluid replacement maximises cycling TT performances.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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