Effect of cephalometer misalignment on calculations of facial asymmetry.

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated errors introduced into the interpretation of facial asymmetry on posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms due to malpositioning of the x-ray emitter focal spot. We tested the hypothesis that horizontal displacements of the emitter from its ideal position would prod...

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Publicado en:American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics Vol. 132; no. 1; pp. 15 - 28
Autores principales: Lee K, Hwang H, Curry S, Boyd RL, Norris K, Baumrind S, Lee, Ki-Heon, Hwang, Hyeon-Shik, Curry, Sean, Boyd, Robert L, Norris, Kevin, Baumrind, Sheldon
Formato: research Journal Article
Publicado: Elsevier B.V. Jul2007
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2007
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        atl: Effect of cephalometer misalignment on calculations of facial asymmetry.
      aug:
        au:
          Lee K
          Hwang H
          Curry S
          Boyd RL
          Norris K
          Baumrind S
          Lee, Ki-Heon
          Hwang, Hyeon-Shik
          Curry, Sean
          Boyd, Robert L
          Norris, Kevin
          Baumrind, Sheldon
        affil: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
      sug:
        subj:
          Cephalometry
          Diagnostic Errors
          Cephalometry Equipment and Supplies
          Models, Theoretical
          Radiographic Magnification
          Skull Radiography
          Human
      ab: Introduction: In this study, we evaluated errors introduced into the interpretation of facial asymmetry on posteroanterior (PA) cephalograms due to malpositioning of the x-ray emitter focal spot. We tested the hypothesis that horizontal displacements of the emitter from its ideal position would produce systematic displacements of skull landmarks that could be fully accounted for by the rules of projective geometry alone. Methods: A representative dry skull with 22 metal markers was used to generate a series of PA images from different emitter positions by using a fully calibrated stereo cephalometer. Empirical measurements of the resulting cephalograms were compared with mathematical predictions based solely on geometric rules. The empirical measurements matched the mathematical predictions within the limits of measurement error (x= 0.23 mm), thus supporting the hypothesis. Based upon this finding, we generated a completely symmetrical mathematical skull and calculated the expected errors for focal spots of several different magnitudes. Quantitative data were computed for focal spot displacements of different magnitudes. Results and Conclusions: Misalignment of the x-ray emitter focal spot introduces systematic errors into the interpretation of facial asymmetry on PA cephalograms. For misalignments of less than 20 mm, the effect is small in individual cases. However, misalignments as small as 10 mm can introduce spurious statistical findings of significant asymmetry when mean values for large groups of PA images are evaluated.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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