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Training for vigilance: the effect of knowledge of results format and dispositional optimism and pessimism on performance and stress.

This study investigated the impact of knowledge of results (KR) format on the performance and stress associated with a vigilance task. Also examined was the effect of the interaction of KR-format (Hit-KR, False Alarm-KR, Miss-KR, and a composite of all three formats) with dispositional optimism and...

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Publicado en:British Journal of Psychology Vol. 97; no. 1; pp. 115 - 136
Autores principales: Szalma JL, Hancock PA, Dember WN, Warm JS
Formato: research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Wiley-Blackwell Feb2006
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      jtl: British Journal of Psychology
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      dt: Feb2006
      vid: 97
      iid: 1
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        atl: Training for vigilance: the effect of knowledge of results format and dispositional optimism and pessimism on performance and stress.
      aug:
        au:
          Szalma JL
          Hancock PA
          Dember WN
          Warm JS
        affil: Department of Psychology and Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida Orlando 32826, USA. jszalma@mail.ucf.edu
      sug:
        subj:
          Attention
          Knowledge
          Optimism
          Personality
          Pessimism
          Stress, Psychological Complications
          Visual Perception
          Adolescence
          Adult
          Analysis of Variance
          Computer Terminals
          Feedback
          Female
          Funding Source
          Habits
          Individuality
          Male
          Multiple Regression
          P-Value
          Pretest-Posttest Design
          Questionnaires
          Statistics
          Students, College
          Human
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Female
          Male
      ab: This study investigated the impact of knowledge of results (KR) format on the performance and stress associated with a vigilance task. Also examined was the effect of the interaction of KR-format (Hit-KR, False Alarm-KR, Miss-KR, and a composite of all three formats) with dispositional optimism and pessimism on performance outcome and reported stress state. Hypotheses based upon a theory of feedback intervention were tested. KR regarding correct detections and the composite-KR (KR regarding correct detections, false alarms, and missed signals) enhanced perceptual sensitivity. However, False Alarm-KR and Miss-KR did not. Contrary to expectations based on the theory, performance was unrelated to the traits across all KR conditions. However, the effects of KR-format on self-reports of stress depended on the individual's level of pessimism and optimism. In addition, KR format and personality affected the multiple dimensions of stress state in different ways.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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