Informed consent for mammography screening: modelling the risks and benefits for American women.
INTRODUCTION: In order to facilitate informed decision making, women require information on the probabilities of different outcomes with mammography screening. This paper derives these probabilities for a US population and illustrates them visually in a readily understandable format. METHODS: Probab...
| Publicado en: | Health Expectations Vol. 8; no. 4; pp. 295 - 306 |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
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Wiley-Blackwell
Dec2005
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=106414974&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 106414974 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 13696513 EVY jtl: Health Expectations issn: 13696513 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Dec2005 vid: 8 iid: 4 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell place: Malden, Massachusetts artinfo: ui: 106414974 2009129517 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2005.00345.x NLM16266417 106414974 ppf: 295 ppct: 11 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Informed consent for mammography screening: modelling the risks and benefits for American women. aug: au: Marshall T affil: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; t.p.marshall@bham.ac.uk sug: subj: Breast Neoplasms Diagnosis Consent Mammography Adult Age Factors Aged Breast Neoplasms Mortality False Positive Results Female Health Knowledge Evaluation Middle Age Relative Risk Sensitivity and Specificity Human Adult: 19-44 years Aged: 65+ years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Female ab: INTRODUCTION: In order to facilitate informed decision making, women require information on the probabilities of different outcomes with mammography screening. This paper derives these probabilities for a US population and illustrates them visually in a readily understandable format. METHODS: Probabilities of the breast cancer mortality, all cause mortality and further investigation are derived from published data on mortality from breast cancer and published estimates of effectiveness using a life-table method. Probabilities are calculated of surviving to age 75 from age 40 with and without two-yearly mammography screening from age 40 and age 50. Probabilities are also calculated that a woman will be referred for further assessment or biopsy or die from breast cancer despite screening. To avoid being misled, these outcomes are presented in the form of a single decision aid illustrating the outcomes for 1000 women choosing each alternative: mammography screening or no mammography screening. RESULTS: Of 1000 women undergoing two-yearly mammography screening from age 40 an additional four (3.7 per 1000) will reach the age of 75; of the survivors 514 will be referred for further investigation and 138 will undergo biopsy. Of 1000 women screened from age 50 an additional three (3.3 per 1000) will reach age 75; of the survivors 408 will be referred for further investigation and 94 will undergo biopsy. Mammography from age 40 to 49 reduces mortality by 0.4 in 1000. This information is readily presented visually. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to provide realistic estimates of the effects of mammography screening on mortality in a readily understandable format. Women require this information if they are to make informed choices about mammography screening. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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