Cardiorespiratory responses to aquatic treadmill walking in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hydrotherapy is popular with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its efficacy as an aerobic conditioning aid is equivocal. Patients with RA have reduced muscle strength and may be unable to achieve a walking speed commensurate with an aerobic training effect because the...

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Published in:Physiotherapy Research International Vol. 9; no. 2; pp. 59 - 74
Main Authors: Hall J, Grant J, Blake D, Taylor G, Garbutt G
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Wiley-Blackwell 2004
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Physiotherapy Research International
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      dt: 2004
      vid: 9
      iid: 2
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      pub: Wiley-Blackwell
      place: Malden, Massachusetts
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        106557976
        2005013175
        10.1002/pri.303
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        106557976
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        atl: Cardiorespiratory responses to aquatic treadmill walking in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
      aug:
        au:
          Hall J
          Grant J
          Blake D
          Taylor G
          Garbutt G
        affil: Physiotherapy Department, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK; jhall_work@yahoo.co.uk
      sug:
        subj:
          Aquatic Exercises
          Walking
          Treadmills
          Cardiopulmonary Physiology
          Heart Rate
          Exertion
          Exercise Intensity
          Arthritis, Rheumatoid Therapy
          Comparative Studies
          Exercise Physiology
          Scales
          Female
          Middle Age
          Descriptive Statistics
          Pulmonary Gas Exchange Evaluation
          Statistical Significance
          American College of Sports Medicine Standards
          Adult
          United Kingdom
          Power Analysis
          Oxygen Consumption Evaluation
          Visual Analog Scaling
          Pain Measurement
          Questionnaires
          Physical Activity Evaluation
          Interviews
          Body Weights and Measures
          Health Status Evaluation
          Telemetry
          Two-Way Analysis of Variance
          Repeated Measures
          Post Hoc Analysis
          Paired T-Tests
          Friedman Test
          Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
          Body Temperature Determination
          Blood Pressure Determination
          Linear Regression
          Data Analysis Software
          Body Mass Index Evaluation
          Functional Assessment
          Funding Source
          Human
          Middle Aged: 45-64 years
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Female
      ab: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hydrotherapy is popular with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Its efficacy as an aerobic conditioning aid is equivocal. Patients with RA have reduced muscle strength and may be unable to achieve a walking speed commensurate with an aerobic training effect because the resistance to movement increases with speed in water. The physiological effects of immersion may alter the heart rate-oxygen consumption relationship (HR-VO2) with the effect of rendering land-based exercise prescriptions inaccurate. The primary purpose of the present study was to compare the relationships between heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), with speed during land and water treadmill walking in patients with RA. METHOD: The study design used a two-factor within-subjects model. Fifteen females with RA (47+/-8 SD years) completed three consecutive bouts of walking for five minutes at 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 km/h(-1) on land and water treadmills. Expired gas, collected via open-circuit spirometry, HR and RPE were measured. RESULTS: HR and RPE increased on land and in water as speed increased. Below 3.5 km/h(-1) VO2 was significantly lower in water than on land (p<0.01). HR was lower (p<0.001), unchanged and higher (p<0.001) at 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 km/h(-1) in water than on land. RPE was significantly higher in water than on land (p<0.05). VO2 was approximately 60% of the predicted VO2max during the fast walking speed in water. For a given VO2, HR was approximately nine beats/min(-1) and RPE 1-2 points on the 6-20 Borg scale, higher in water than on land. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the metabolic demand of walking at 4.5 km/h(-1) was sufficient to stimulate an increase in aerobic capacity. The use of land-based prescriptive norms would underestimate the metabolic cost in water. Therefore, in water HR should be increased by approximately 9 beats/min(-1) to achieve similar energy demands to land treadmill walking.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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