Individual differences in effectiveness of cochlear implants in children who are prelingually deaf: new process measures of performance.
The efficacy of cochlear implants in children who are deaf has been firmly established in the literature. However, the effectiveness of cochlear implants varies widely and is influenced by demographic and experiential factors. Several key findings suggest new directions for research on central audit...
| Publicado en: | Volta Review Vol. 101; no. 3; pp. 111 - 165 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
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Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf
Summer99
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=107007518&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 107007518 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00428639 VLT jtl: Volta Review issn: 00428639 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Summer99 vid: 101 iid: 3 pid: 954 pub: Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf place: Washington, District of Columbia artinfo: ui: 107007518 107007518 2001025368 107007518 ppf: 111 ppct: 54 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: T tig: atl: Individual differences in effectiveness of cochlear implants in children who are prelingually deaf: new process measures of performance. aug: au: Pisoni DB Cleary M Geers AE Tobey EA affil: Chancellors' Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science and Director, Speech Research Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Indiana University sug: subj: Cochlear Implant In Infancy and Childhood Deafness In Infancy and Childhood Treatment Outcomes Evaluation Outcome Assessment Outcomes Research Age Factors Infant Child, Preschool Child Comparative Studies Language Tests Speech Discrimination Tests Speech Perception Speech Intelligibility Descriptive Statistics Correlation Coefficient Memory Intelligence Tests Rehabilitation of Persons with Hearing Loss Funding Source Human Infant: 1-23 months Child, Preschool: 2-5 years Child: 6-12 years ab: The efficacy of cochlear implants in children who are deaf has been firmly established in the literature. However, the effectiveness of cochlear implants varies widely and is influenced by demographic and experiential factors. Several key findings suggest new directions for research on central auditory factors that underlie the effectiveness of cochlear implants. First, enormous individual differences have been observed in both adults and children on a wide range of audiological outcome measures. Some patients show large increases in speech perception scores after implantation, whereas others display only modest gains on standardized tests. Second, age of implantation and length of deafness affect all outcome measures. Children implanted at younger ages do better than children implanted at older ages, and children who have been deaf for shorter periods do better than children who have been deaf for longer periods. Third, communication mode affects outcome measures. Children from 'oral-only' environments do much better on standardized tests that assess phonological processing skills than children who use Total Communication. Fourth, at the present time there are no preimplant predictors of outcome performance in young children. The underlying perceptual, cognitive, and linguistic abilities and skills emerge after implantation and improve over time. Finally, there are no significant differences in audiological outcome measures among current implant devices or processing strategies. This finding suggests that the major source of variance in outcome measures lies in the neural and cognitive information processing operations that the user applies to the signal provided by the implant. Taken together, this overall pattern of results suggests that higher-level central processes such as perception, attention, learning, and memory may play important roles in explaining the large individual differences observed among users of cochlear implants. Investigations of the content and flow of information in the central nervous system and interactions between sensory input and stored knowledge may provide important new insights into the basis of individual differences. Knowledge about the underlying basis of individual differences may also help in developing new intervention strategies to improve the effectiveness of cochlear implants in children who show relatively poor development of oral/aural language skills. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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