Primary Care Spatial Density and Nonurgent Emergency Department Utilization: A New Methodology for Evaluating Access to Care.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the spatial and demographic characteristics of pediatric patients who make nonurgent visits (NUVs) to an urban pediatric emergency department (ED). We hypothesized that the rate of NUVs would be inversely associated with the spatial density of primary care providers (PCPs). M...

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Published in:Academic Pediatrics Vol. 13; no. 3; pp. 278 - 286
Main Authors: Mathison, David J., Chamberlain, James M., Cowan, Nuala M., Engstrom, Ryan N., Fu, Linda Y., Shoo, Anthony, Teach, Stephen J.
Format: research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Elsevier B.V. May/Jun2013
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: May/Jun2013
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      pub: Elsevier B.V.
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        10.1016/j.acap.2013.02.006
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        atl: Primary Care Spatial Density and Nonurgent Emergency Department Utilization: A New Methodology for Evaluating Access to Care.
      aug:
        au:
          Mathison, David J.
          Chamberlain, James M.
          Cowan, Nuala M.
          Engstrom, Ryan N.
          Fu, Linda Y.
          Shoo, Anthony
          Teach, Stephen J.
        affil: Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
      sug:
        subj:
          Health Services Accessibility In Infancy and Childhood
          Emergency Care Utilization
          Spatial Behavior
          Human
          District of Columbia
          Retrospective Design
          Multivariate Analysis
          Linear Regression
          Infant
          Child, Preschool
          Child
          Adolescence
          Odds Ratio
          Confidence Intervals
          Data Analysis Software
          Geographic Factors
          Male
          Female
          Descriptive Statistics
          Infant: 1-23 months
          Child, Preschool: 2-5 years
          Child: 6-12 years
          Adolescent: 13-18 years
          Male
          Female
      ab: OBJECTIVE: To determine the spatial and demographic characteristics of pediatric patients who make nonurgent visits (NUVs) to an urban pediatric emergency department (ED). We hypothesized that the rate of NUVs would be inversely associated with the spatial density of primary care providers (PCPs). METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted for all visits to Washington, DCs principal pediatric ED between 2003 and 2006. NUVs were defined by a unique algorithm combining resource allocation, ambulatory-sensitive diagnoses, and billing data. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the association of PCP density and demographic variables on the spatial rate of NUVs. RESULTS: Over the 4-year period, 35.1% (52,110) of the 148,314 ED visits by Washington, DC, residents were nonurgent. NUVs were most associated with neighborhood median household income <$40,000 and low spatial density of PCPs. For every 1-unit increase in PCP density, the spatial rate of NUVs decreased by 9%. The odds of a visit being nonurgent were significantly higher for African Americans and Hispanics than for whites (odds ratio [OR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.19-2.64; and OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.36-2.86, respectively), for patients using public insurance versus private (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.42-1.50), and for patients age <5 years (OR 2.66, 95% CI 2.60-2.72). CONCLUSIONS: Low spatial density of primary care is strongly associated with nonurgent ED utilization. Improving spatial distribution of primary care may decrease ED misuse and improve access to the medical home.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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