Acute Electroencephalographic Effects From Repeated Olfactory Administration of Homeopathic Remedies in Individuals With Self-reported Chemical Sensitivity.

Background Homeopaths report that individuals with heightened self-reported environmental chemical intolerance (CI) exhibit increased reactivity to homeopathic remedies. Persons high in CI sensitize their electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha responses to repeated intermittent chemical exposures. Prim...

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Publicado en:Alternative Therapies in Health & Medicine Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 46 - 58
Autores principales: Bell IR, Brooks AJ, Howerter A, Jackson N, Schwartz GE
Formato: research randomized controlled trial Journal Article
Publicado: InnoVisions Professional Media Jan/Feb2013
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Acute Electroencephalographic Effects From Repeated Olfactory Administration of Homeopathic Remedies in Individuals With Self-reported Chemical Sensitivity.
      aug:
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          Bell IR
          Brooks AJ
          Howerter A
          Jackson N
          Schwartz GE
        affil: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, AZ, USA. ibell@email.arizona.edu
      sug:
        subj:
          Electroencephalography
          Homeopathy
          Nosode Administration and Dosage
          Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
          Smell Drug Effects
          Administration, Intranasal
          Adult
          Double-Blind Studies
          Pilot Studies
          Female
          Human
          Male
          Plant Extracts Administration and Dosage
          Plants
          Self Report
          Sulfur Administration and Dosage
          Young Adult
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Female
          Male
      ab: Background Homeopaths report that individuals with heightened self-reported environmental chemical intolerance (CI) exhibit increased reactivity to homeopathic remedies. Persons high in CI sensitize their electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha responses to repeated intermittent chemical exposures. Primary Study Objective The present feasibility study explored interactions between CI and one of two specific homeopathic remedies over time (Sulphur or Pulsatilla nigricans [Pulsatilla]). Design This study used a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled repeated measures design. Intervention Participants underwent a series of three once-weekly sessions during which they repeatedly sniffed one remedy (6c, 12c, 30c; one potency per week) matched to their Homeopathic Constitutional Type Questionnaire (CTQ) type and two solvent controls (distilled water and a waterethanol [95%] solution). Within sessions, remedies and control solvents were administered via 2-second sniffs (eight sniffs of each of four different succussion levels per potency, in randomized order). Participants Participants were college student volunteers (N = 96, ages 18-30, both sexes), screened for good health and relatively elevated Sulphur or Pulsatilla symptom pattern scores on the Homeopathic Constitutional Type Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants also completed a validated trait CI scale. Primary Outcome Measures Average 19-lead relative EEG alpha power (alpha 1 8-10 Hz; alpha 2 10-12 Hz). Results Trait CI interacted significantly with time factors for each remedy (both over visit weeks and over sniff cycles during sessions). The patterns were nonlinear and differed between the two remedies. Individuals high in CI showed greater variability over time in remedy EEG alpha effects than did those low in CI. Conclusion The data suggest that CI, with an underlying susceptibility to time-dependent sensitization and oscillatory responses, could contribute to nonlinear dose-response patterns and inconsistent reproducibility of homeopathic clinical care and research. (Altern Ther Health Med. 2013;19(1):46-57.).
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        randomized controlled trial
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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