| Sumario: | Rhizobium spp., generally present in soil, is a gram-negative, catalase-, oxidase- and urease-positive, motile, non-fermentative, non-spore-forming rod, often known as a plant pathogen but rarely detected as the agent of infection in humans. In this article, we present an 83-year-old female patient with bile duct malignant neoplasm who underwent biliary drainage catheterization after detection of obstruction at the Klatskin level and developed catheter-related bacteremia caused by Rhizobium radiobacter. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the bacteria were performed using BD Phoenix automated microbiological system (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD). In conclusion, it should be kept in mind that R. radiobacter may rarely cause opportunistic infection, especially in immunocompromised patients. In the presence of catheter, it should be considered among the pathogens causing bacteremia.
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