「生殖から離れている身体」の医療人類学的考察 --子どもを産まない女性たちの身体観と生殖観に基づく 「女性の健康支援」の検討--
Purpose Focusing on the views on reproduction and women's bodies of women with a passive attitude toward bearing children, whose numbers are already high as of 2014 and are expected to increase in the future, the present study aims to reveal the views of these women based on their own narratives. Th...
| Publicado en: | Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 35 - 48 |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Japan Academy of Midwifery
2015
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| Sumario: | Purpose Focusing on the views on reproduction and women's bodies of women with a passive attitude toward bearing children, whose numbers are already high as of 2014 and are expected to increase in the future, the present study aims to reveal the views of these women based on their own narratives. Then, based on our findings about their views, the method of implementation of health support for such women is discussed. Methods A qualitative descriptive research design based on an interview survey was employed. The subjects consisted of 29 women in their 30s to 80s. Note that 16 women in their 30s and 40s, who were in the reproductive period of their lives, were the main focus of the present study, and we intentionally selected women with a passive or negative attitude toward bearing children, so that the characteristic aspects of such women, whose numbers are expected to continue to increase in the future, could be highlighted. The survey focused on the following items: (1) numbers of children and grandchildren desired, and their satisfaction levels with these numbers; (2) menstrual history, and a body associated with menarche and menopause; (3) health-care behaviors; (4) experiences associated with (1) to (3), reasons for the attitudes associated with (1) to (3), and relationships with people around; (5) experiences and events which may be reflected on the interviewee's view of reproduction, women's body, and health. Results The results of the survey confirmed the following characteristics in the subjects' narratives: 1. choice not to bear a child forms the basis for the view on women's bodies that harms and makes light of the reproductive ability of their own bodies; 2. idea that menstruation gives no benefit; and 3. there is no information available on the biological features of women's bodies, especially about the physical risks. These results revealed that the subjects' views on reproduction and women's bodies are in a phase of "women's body non-oriented to reproduction," as well as 4 challenges and 2 strengths, mentioned below, inherent in the "women's body non-oriented to reproduction." Conclusion The results suggested that nursing support based on the 4 challenges and 2 strengths inherent in the "women's body non-oriented to reproduction" may be able to help maintain the health of the "women's body non-oriented to reproduction" at some level. The challenges included: 1. abandonment of the reproduction-related qualities of their bodies; 2. closed reproduction that is treated exclusively in the context of personal problems; 3. lifestyle that accepts negligence of reproduction and treats their own bodies as if they are reproductive; and 4. "women's body non-oriented to reproduction" that values bodies with no gender or neutral gender. The strengths were: 1. sufficient motivation and desire for maintaining good health for the coming old age; and 2. holistic views on body and health, such as the view that nature's balance maintains the health of women's bodies. 目 的 2014年現在でも決して少なくなく，将来的にも増加が見込まれる子どもを産まない女性たちの生殖 観や身体観に着目し，これを明らかにすることによって女性の健康支援の在り様を考察することである。 対象と方法 聞き取り調査に基づく質的研究である。対象は30才から80才代までの女性29名である。ただし生殖 年齢にある30才代と40才代の16名は，本研究の主題である子どもを産まない女性たちに特徴的な側面 が色濃くでるよう，子をもうけることに消極的あるいは否定的な女性を選定した。質問内容は（1）子や 孫の人数とその人数に満足しているか否か，（2）月経歴および初経と閉経に関連する体験，（3）保健医療 行動の内容，および，（1）～（3）に関連する経験の内容や態度の理由，周囲の人々との関係性，対象者 の生殖観，身体観に反映すると推察される経験や出来事についても可能な限り詳しく聞き取り，医療人 類学的考察を行った。 結 果 3つの語りの特徴が確認できた。 1．産まないことが自らの身体に付与されている生殖能を疎かにするかのような身体観を作っていること 2．月経には益するところがないという考え方 3．女性身体の生物学特性ことに身体的リスクに関する情報がないこと これらの結果から，対象者は「生殖から離れている身体」といえるような位相にあることが確認でき 「生殖から離れている身体」に内在する4つの課題と2つの強みが明らかになった。 結 論 「生殖から離れている身体」に内在する4つの課題と2つの強みを踏まえた支援があれば「生殖から離 れている身体」の健康は一定程度担保しうることが示唆された。 課題とは次の4点である。 1．自らの身体の生殖にかかわる属性の放棄 2．個人の人生の問題としてのみに閉ざされる生殖 3．育まれてこなかった生殖を肯定的にみたり，生殖可能な身体として自らの身体をケアする生活 態度 4．無性あるいは中性的な身体に価値を置くこと 強みとは次の2点である。 1．老齢期を健康に過ごさねばならないという十分な動機と欲求 2．女性の身体は自然のバランスによって健康が保たれるといった身体観や健康観 |
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