Neuroimaging as a biomarker in symptom validity and performance validity testing.

How neuropsychological assessment findings are deemed valid has been a topic of numerous articles but few have addressed any role that neuroimaging studies could provide. Within military and various clinical samples of individuals undergoing neuropsychological evaluations, high levels of failure on...

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Published in:Brain Imaging & Behavior Vol. 9; no. 3; pp. 421 - 445
Main Authors: Bigler, Erin, Bigler, Erin D
Format: diagnostic images pictorial review tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Sep2015
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        atl: Neuroimaging as a biomarker in symptom validity and performance validity testing.
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          Bigler, Erin
          Bigler, Erin D
        affil: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, 1001 Kimball Tower Provo 84602 USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Validation Studies
          Neuroradiography Methods
          Neuropsychological Tests
          Brain Injuries Diagnosis
          Brain Injuries Physiopathology
          Brain Physiopathology
          Brain Pathology
          Brain Injuries Pathology
          Brain Injuries Psychosocial Factors
          Military Personnel
      ab: How neuropsychological assessment findings are deemed valid has been a topic of numerous articles but few have addressed any role that neuroimaging studies could provide. Within military and various clinical samples of individuals undergoing neuropsychological evaluations, high levels of failure on measures of symptom validity testing (SVT) and/or performance validity testing (PVT) have been reported. Where 'failure' is defined as a below cut-score performance on some pre-determined set-point on a SVT/PVT measure, are such failures always indicative of invalid test findings or are there other explanations, especially based on informative neuroimaging findings? This review starts with the premise that even though the SVT/PVT task is designed to be simple and easy to perform, it nonetheless requires intact frontoparietal attention, working memory and task engagement (motivation) networks. If there is damage or pathology within any aspect of these networks as demonstrated by neuroimaging findings, the patient may perform below the cut-point as a result of the underlying damage or pathophysiology. The argument is made that neuroimaging findings should be considered as to where SVT/PVT cut-points are established and there should be much greater flexibility in SVT/PVT measures based on other personal, demographic and neuroimaging information. Several case studies are used to demonstrate these points.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        diagnostic images
        pictorial
        review
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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