Facial expression discriminates between pain and absence of pain in the non-communicative critically ill adult patients.
BACKGROUND: Pain assessment is a significant challenge in critically ill adults, especially those unable to communicate their pain level. At present there is no universally accepted pain scale for use in the non-communicative (cognitively impaired, sedated, paralyzed or mechanically ventilated) pati...
| Published in: | Facial Expression Discriminates Between Pain & Absence of Pain in the Non-communicative Critically Ill Adult Patients pp. 91 p - 92 |
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| Format: | research Doctoral Dissertation |
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Virginia Commonwealth University
2010
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| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |