Goal-dependence in (scientific) ontology.

Our best sciences are frequently held to be one way, perhaps the optimal way, to learn about the world's higher-level ontology and structure. I first argue that which scientific theory is 'best' depends in part on our goals or purposes. As a result, it is theoretically possible to have two scientifi...

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Published in:Synthese Vol. 192; no. 11; pp. 3601 - 3617
Main Author: Danks, David
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Nov2015
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        au: Danks, David
        affil: Departments of Philosophy & Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 161 Baker Hall Pittsburgh 15213 USA
      su:
        Ontology
        Goal (Philosophy)
        Philosophy of science
        Pluralism
        Cognition
        Social structure
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          Ontology
          Goal (Philosophy)
          Philosophy of science
          Pluralism
          Cognition
          Social structure
      keyword:
        Causal prediction
        Goals
        Ocean index
        Scientific ontology
        Simulation
      ab: Our best sciences are frequently held to be one way, perhaps the optimal way, to learn about the world's higher-level ontology and structure. I first argue that which scientific theory is 'best' depends in part on our goals or purposes. As a result, it is theoretically possible to have two scientific theories of the same domain, where each theory is best for some (scientifically plausible) goal, but where the two theories posit incompatible ontologies. That is, it is possible for us to have goal-dependent pluralism in our scientific ontologies. This ontological pluralism arises simply from our inability to directly know the world's objects, rather than any particular claims about our cognitive limits, values, or social structures. I then present two case studies in which this possibility actually occurs-one based on simulations and theoretical analyses of constructed causal systems, and one from actual scientific investigations into the proper ontology for ocean regions.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
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    language: English
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