Theoretical Foundations and Practical Applications of Within-Cycle Correction Methods.
Background. Modeling guidelines recommend applying a half-cycle correction (HCC) to outcomes from discrete-time state-transition models (DTSTMs). However, there is still no consensus on why and how to perform the correction. The objective was to provide theoretical foundations for HCC and to compare...
| Publicado en: | Medical Decision Making Vol. 36; no. 1; pp. 115 - 132 |
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| Autores principales: | , |
| Formato: | equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Sage Publications Inc.
Jan2016
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=111782145&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 111782145 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 0272989X DKI jtl: Medical Decision Making issn: 0272989X maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Jan2016 vid: 36 iid: 1 pid: 344 pub: Sage Publications Inc. place: Thousand Oaks, California artinfo: ui: 111782145 111782145 111782145 10.1177/0272989X15585121 111782145 ppf: 115 ppct: 17 formats: tig: atl: Theoretical Foundations and Practical Applications of Within-Cycle Correction Methods. aug: au: Elbasha, Elamin H. Chhatwal, Jagpreet affil: Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ (EHE); and Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX (JC) sug: subj: Health Screening Economics Disease Progression Cost Benefit Analysis Quality of Life Cycling Foundations Life Table Method Probability Attributable Risk Quality-Adjusted Life Years Validity Sensitivity and Specificity Human ab: Background. Modeling guidelines recommend applying a half-cycle correction (HCC) to outcomes from discrete-time state-transition models (DTSTMs). However, there is still no consensus on why and how to perform the correction. The objective was to provide theoretical foundations for HCC and to compare (both mathematically and numerically) the performance of different correction methods in reducing errors in outcomes from DTSTMs. Methods. We defined 7 methods from the field of numerical integration: Riemann sum of rectangles (left, midpoint, right), trapezoids, life-table, and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8th rules. We applied these methods to a standard 3-state disease progression Markov chain to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical intervention. We solved the discrete- and continuous-time (our gold standard) versions of the model analytically and derived expressions for various outcomes including discounted quality-adjusted life-years, discounted costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results. The standard HCC method gave the same results as the trapezoidal rule and life-table method. We found situations where applying the standard HCC can do more harm than good. Compared with the gold standard, all correction methods resulted in approximation errors. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the errors need not cancel each other out or become insignificant when incremental outcomes are calculated. We found that a wrong decision can be made with a less accurate method. The performance of each correction method vastly improved when a shorter cycle length was selected; Simpson’s 1/3rd rule was the fastest method to converge to the gold standard. Conclusion. Cumulative outcomes in DTSTMs are prone to errors that can be reduced with more accurate methods like Simpson’s rules. We clarified several misconceptions and provided recommendations and algorithms for practical implementation of these methods. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: equations & formulas research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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