Why do some neurons in cortex respond to information in a selective manner? Insights from artificial neural networks.

Why do some neurons in hippocampus and cortex respond to information in a highly selective manner? It has been hypothesized that neurons in hippocampus encode information in a highly selective manner in order to support fast learning without catastrophic interference, and that neurons in cortex enco...

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Published in:Cognition Vol. 148; pp. 47 - 64
Main Authors: Bowers, Jeffrey S., Vankov, Ivan I., Damian, Markus F., Davis, Colin J.
Format: research Journal Article
Published: Elsevier B.V. Mar2016
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2016
      vid: 148
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      pub: Elsevier B.V.
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        10.1016/j.cognition.2015.12.009
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        atl: Why do some neurons in cortex respond to information in a selective manner? Insights from artificial neural networks.
      aug:
        au:
          Bowers, Jeffrey S.
          Vankov, Ivan I.
          Damian, Markus F.
          Davis, Colin J.
        affil: University of Bristol, United Kingdom
      sug:
        subj:
          Hippocampus Physiology
          Neurons Physiology
          Learning
          Cerebral Cortex Physiology
          Neural Networks (Computer)
          Human
          Neurons
          Computer Simulation
          Cerebral Cortex
          Hippocampus
          Validation Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Evaluation Research
          Multicenter Studies
      ab: Why do some neurons in hippocampus and cortex respond to information in a highly selective manner? It has been hypothesized that neurons in hippocampus encode information in a highly selective manner in order to support fast learning without catastrophic interference, and that neurons in cortex encode information in a highly selective manner in order to co-activate multiple items in short-term memory (STM) without suffering a superposition catastrophe. However, the latter hypothesis is at odds with the widespread view that neural coding in the cortex is highly distributed in order to support generalization. We report a series of simulations that characterize the conditions in which recurrent Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models of immediate serial can recall novel words. We found that these models learned localist codes when they succeeded in generalizing to novel words. That is, just as fast learning may explain selective coding in hippocampus, STM and generalization may help explain the existence of selective codes in cortex.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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