Pinocchio: Nearly Practical Verifiable Computation.
To instill greater confidence in computations outsourced to the cloud, clients should be able to verify the correctness of the results returned. To this end, we introduce Pinocchio, a built system for efficiently verifying general computations while relying only on cryptographic assumptions. With Pi...
| Published in: | Communications of the ACM Vol. 59; no. 2; pp. 103 - 113 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Published: |
Association for Computing Machinery
Feb2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | View this record in EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=112736853&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 112736853 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00010782 ACM jtl: Communications of the ACM issn: 00010782 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Feb2016 vid: 59 iid: 2 pid: 68 pub: Association for Computing Machinery artinfo: ui: 112736853 10.1145/2856449 ppf: 103 ppct: 10 formats: tig: atl: Pinocchio: Nearly Practical Verifiable Computation. aug: au: Parno, Bryan Howell, Jon Gentry, Craig Raykova, Mariana affil: Microsoft Research. IBM Research. SRI International. su: Verification of computer systems Contracting out Public key cryptography Industrial efficiency Zero-knowledge proofs Compilers (Computer programs) sug: subj: Verification of computer systems Contracting out Public key cryptography Industrial efficiency Zero-knowledge proofs Compilers (Computer programs) ab: To instill greater confidence in computations outsourced to the cloud, clients should be able to verify the correctness of the results returned. To this end, we introduce Pinocchio, a built system for efficiently verifying general computations while relying only on cryptographic assumptions. With Pinocchio, the client creates a public evaluation key to describe her computation; this setup is proportional to evaluating the computation once. The worker then evaluates the computation on a particular input and uses the evaluation key to produce a proof of correctness. The proof is only 288 bytes, regardless of the computation performed or the size of the IO. Anyone can check the proof using a public verification key. Crucially, our evaluation on seven applications demonstrates that Pinocchio is efficient in practice too. Pinocchio’s verification time is a fixed 10 ms plus 0.4–15 μs per IO element: 5–7 orders of magnitude less than previous work; indeed Pinocchio is the first general-purpose system to demonstrate verification cheaper than native execution (for some apps). The worker’s proof effort is still expensive, but Pinocchio reduces it by 19×–60× relative to prior work. As an additional feature, Pinocchio allows the worker to include private inputs in the computation and prove that she performed the computation correctly without revealing any information about the private inputs to the client. Finally, to aid development, Pinocchio provides an end-to-end toolchain that compiles a subset of C into programs that implement the verifiable computation protocol. pubtype: Periodical doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y dt: @attributes: year: 2016 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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