Uneven Development and Pakhtun Diaspora in Karachi (Pakistan).
Karachi is now home to seven million Pakhtuns (Obaid-Sharmeen, 2009; National, 2009), who constitute 38% of the city's population of 18m (Yusuf, 2012). It is projected to become a Pakhtun-majority city by 2045 (Baloch, 2014). The city's Pakhtun population already exceeds the combined population of K...
| Publicado en: | Theory in Action Vol. 9; no. 2; pp. 75 - 104 |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
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Transformative Studies Institute
Apr2016
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=115469809&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 115469809 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 19370229 5E57 jtl: Theory in Action issn: 19370229 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Apr2016 vid: 9 iid: 2 pid: 42229 pub: Transformative Studies Institute artinfo: ui: 115469809 10.3798/tia.1937-0237.16011 ppf: 75 ppct: 29 formats: fmt: @attributes: type: P size: 4.6MB tig: atl: Uneven Development and Pakhtun Diaspora in Karachi (Pakistan). aug: au: Niazi, Tarique affil: Associate Professor of Environmental Sociology at University of Wisconsin at Eau Claire su: Karachi (Pakistan) Urban growth Imperialism Capitalism Distributive justice Discrimination (Sociology) Identity politics Pashtuns sug: subj: Urban growth Imperialism Capitalism Distributive justice Discrimination (Sociology) Identity politics Karachi (Pakistan) Land Subdivision Pashtuns keyword: Colonialism Discrimination Distributive Conflicts Identity Politics Karachi Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Pakhtun Diaspora Racism Segregation Uneven Development Colonialism Discrimination Distributive Conflicts Identity Politics Karachi Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Pakhtun Diaspora Racism Segregation Uneven Development ab: Karachi is now home to seven million Pakhtuns (Obaid-Sharmeen, 2009; National, 2009), who constitute 38% of the city's population of 18m (Yusuf, 2012). It is projected to become a Pakhtun-majority city by 2045 (Baloch, 2014). The city's Pakhtun population already exceeds the combined population of Kandahar, Peshawar and Quetta, the world's three largest Pakhtun-majority cities. Karachi's growing diversity, however, has engendered distributive conflicts (Hina, 2003), dividing urban communities along ethnic, linguistic, regional and religious identities. Structures of discrimination and warped power relations have further fueled atavistic identity politics. As a result, Pakhtuns experience discrimination in the city's putative exclusionary development that results in their economic, occupational, residential and social segregation, a fact that can be seen as wages of uneven development. Yet Pakhtun diaspora in Karachi has been underresearched, especially with regard to the structural dynamics of development and underdevelopment in Pakistan and the impact of both on urban growth. Deploying the uneven and combined development theory, this paper argues that Pakistan's development project, modeled on neoclassical economic and modernization perspectives, generated underdevelopment that displaced what Marx called the "relative surplus population" (Nielson and Stubbs, 2011) from underdeveloped regions, and parked it into overdeveloped urban centers. Empirically, the paper concentrates on Karachi that is the country's most developed city, and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa that is one of the two most underdeveloped provinces of Pakistan. The co-existence of development and underdevelopment (i.e., combined development) across Pakistan's subnational spaces is problematized. Specifically, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa's chronic underdevelopment and concomitant Pakhtun out-migration are shown to be causally related. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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