Building ensemble representations: How the shape of preceding distractor distributions affects visual search.
Perception allows us to extract information about regularities in the environment. Observers can quickly determine summary statistics of a group of objects and detect outliers. The existing body of research has, however, not revealed how such ensemble representations develop over time. Moreover, the...
| Publicado en: | Cognition Vol. 153; pp. 196 - 211 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | research Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
Aug2016
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=116001398&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 116001398 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 00100277 3H9 jtl: Cognition issn: 00100277 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Aug2016 vid: 153 pid: 1004 pub: Elsevier B.V. artinfo: ui: 116001398 116001398 NLM27232163 116001398 10.1016/j.cognition.2016.04.018 NLM27232163 116001398 ppf: 196 ppct: 15 formats: tig: atl: Building ensemble representations: How the shape of preceding distractor distributions affects visual search. aug: au: Chetverikov, Andrey Campana, Gianluca Kristjánsson, Árni affil: Laboratory for Visual Perception and Visuomotor Control, Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland sug: subj: Visual Perception Learning Young Adult Human Reaction Time Physical Stimulation Male Female Adult Statistics Validation Studies Comparative Studies Evaluation Research Multicenter Studies Clinical Assessment Tools Adult: 19-44 years Male Female ab: Perception allows us to extract information about regularities in the environment. Observers can quickly determine summary statistics of a group of objects and detect outliers. The existing body of research has, however, not revealed how such ensemble representations develop over time. Moreover, the correspondence between the physical distribution of features in the external world and their potential internal representation as a probability density function (PDF) by the visual system is still unknown. Here, for the first time we demonstrate that such internal PDFs are built during visual search and show how they can be assessed with repetition and role-reversal effects. Using singleton search for an oddly oriented target line among differently oriented distractors (a priming of pop-out paradigm), we test how different properties of previously observed distractor distributions (mean, variability, and shape) influence search times. Our results indicate that observers learn properties of distractor distributions over and above mean and variance; in fact, response times also depend on the shape of the preceding distractor distribution. Response times decrease as a function of target distance from the mean of preceding Gaussian distractor distributions, and the decrease is steeper when preceding distributions have small standard deviations. When preceding distributions are uniform, however, this decrease in response times can be described by a two-piece function corresponding to the uniform distribution PDF. Moreover, following skewed distributions response times function is skewed in accordance with the skew in distributions. Indeed, internal PDFs seem to be specifically tuned to the observed feature distribution. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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