The Effect of a Combined Visual Efficiency and Perceptual- Motor Training Programme on the Handwriting Performance of Children with Handwriting Difficulties: A Pilot Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined visual efficiency and perceptual-motor training programme on the handwriting performance of Chinese children aged 6 to 9 years with handwriting difficulties (HWD). Methods: Twenty-six children with HWD were assigned ra...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:Optometry & Visual Performance Vol. 4; no. 2; pp. 62 - 72
Autores principales: Leung, Mabel M. P., Lam, Carly S. Y., Lam, Sutie S. T., Pao, Natalie W. Y., Li-Tsang, Cecilia W. P.
Formato: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Optometric Extension Program May2016
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
fields @attributes:
  recordID: 1
pdfLink:
plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=116367342&site=ehost-live
header:
  @attributes:
    shortDbName: ccm
    uiTerm: 116367342
    longDbName: CINAHL Complete
    uiTag: AN
  controlInfo:
    bkinfo:
    dissinfo:
    jinfo:
      jid:
        23253479
        HOOW
      jtl: Optometry & Visual Performance
      issn: 23253479
      maglogo: N
    pubinfo:
      dt: May2016
      vid: 4
      iid: 2
      pid: 46881
      pub: Optometric Extension Program
      place: Lutherville Timonium, Maryland
    artinfo:
      ui:
        116367342
        116367342
        116367342
        116367342
      ppf: 62
      ppct: 10
      formats:
      tig:
        atl: The Effect of a Combined Visual Efficiency and Perceptual- Motor Training Programme on the Handwriting Performance of Children with Handwriting Difficulties: A Pilot Study.
      aug:
        au:
          Leung, Mabel M. P.
          Lam, Carly S. Y.
          Lam, Sutie S. T.
          Pao, Natalie W. Y.
          Li-Tsang, Cecilia W. P.
        affil: MSc, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
      sug:
        subj:
          Handwriting
          Ocular Physiology Physiology
          Pediatric Occupational Therapy
          Pilot Studies
          Productivity
          Writing
          China
          Effect Size
          Data Analysis
          Descriptive Statistics
          Paired T-Tests
          Power Analysis
          Convenience Sample
          Clinical Trials
          Prospective Studies
          Child
          Checklists
          Surveys
          Sensitivity and Specificity
          Scales
          T-Tests
          Child: 6-12 years
      ab: Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combined visual efficiency and perceptual-motor training programme on the handwriting performance of Chinese children aged 6 to 9 years with handwriting difficulties (HWD). Methods: Twenty-six children with HWD were assigned randomly and equally into two groups. The training programme was provided over eight consecutive weeks with one session per week. The perceptual-motor group received training only on perceptual-motor functions, including visual spatial relationship, visual sequential memory, visual constancy, visual closure, graphomotor control and grip control. The combined training group received additional training components on visual efficiency, including accommodation, ocular motility, and binocular fusion. Visual efficiency, visual perceptual skills, and Chinese handwriting performance were assessed before and after the training programme. Results: The results showed statistically significant improvement in handwriting speed after the training in both groups. However, the combined training gave no additional benefit on improving handwriting speed (ANCOVA: F=0.43, p=0.52). In terms of visual efficiency, participants in the combined training group showed greater improvement in amplitude of accommodation measured with right eye (F=4.34, p<0.05), left eye (F=5.77, p<0.05) and both eyes (F=11.08, p<0.01). Conclusions: Although the additional visual efficiency training did not provide further improvement in the handwriting speed of children with HWD, children showed improvement in their accommodation amplitude. As accommodative function is important for providing sustainable and clear near vision in the process of reading and word recognition for writing, the effect of the combined training on handwriting performance should be further investigated.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
    refInfo:
    holdings:
      @attributes:
        islocal: N