| Sumario: | Since 1995, the US has provided over $1 billion in foreign assistance to North Korea in food aid and energy assistance. Given North Korea's tight restrictions on the ability of donor agencies to monitor food shipments, it is difficult to assess how much of each donation actually reaches its intended recipients, creating a humanitarian dilemma for the US and other donors. Yet, punitive US economic actions are likely to be only marginally effective if they are adopted unilaterally. The same may be said of the United States' vague offer of a broader economic development assistance package to North Korea in exchange for Pyongyang's verifiably dismantling its nuclear program; a multilateral program is likely to be much more effective than individualistic programs pursued by various parties.
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