Reasoning, biases and dual processes: The lasting impact of Wason (1960).

Wason (1960) published a relatively short experimental paper, in which he introduced the 2-4-6 problem as a test of inductive reasoning. This paper became one of the most highly cited to be published in theQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychologyand is significant for a number of reasons. First,...

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Publicado en:Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol. 69; no. 10; pp. 2076 - 2093
Autor principal: Evans, Jonathan St B. T.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Sage Publications Inc. Oct2016
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        atl: Reasoning, biases and dual processes: The lasting impact of Wason (1960).
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        au: Evans, Jonathan St B. T.
        affil: School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
      su:
        Prejudices
        Heuristic
        Reasoning
        Experimental psychology
        Cognitive bias
        Irrationalism (Philosophy)
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          Prejudices
          Heuristic
          Reasoning
          Experimental psychology
          Cognitive bias
          Irrationalism (Philosophy)
      keyword:
        Reasoning; 2-4-6 task; Hypothesis testing; Confirmation bias
        Wason (1960)
        Reasoning; 2-4-6 task; Hypothesis testing; Confirmation bias
        Wason (1960)
      ab: Wason (1960) published a relatively short experimental paper, in which he introduced the 2-4-6 problem as a test of inductive reasoning. This paper became one of the most highly cited to be published in theQuarterly Journal of Experimental Psychologyand is significant for a number of reasons. First, the 2-4-6 task itself was ingenious and yielded evidence of error and bias in the intelligent participants who attempted it. Research on the 2-4-6 problem continues to the present day. More importantly, it was Wason's first paper on reasoning and one which made strong claims for bias and irrationality in a period dominated by rationalist writers like Piaget. It set in motion the study of cognitive biases in thinking and reasoning, well before the start of Tversky and Kahneman's famous heuristics and biases research programme. I also show here something for which Wason has received insufficient credit. It was Wason's work on this task and his later studies of his four card selection task that led to the first development of the dual process theory of reasoning which is so dominant in the current literature on the topic more than half a century later.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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