Photo-oxidative degradation of motorcycle helmets in Hanoi, Vietnam: A prospective preliminary study.
Objective: Vietnamese spend hours travelling on the road using their motorcycles. Their helmets are exposed continuously to sunlight and rain. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between the effect of photo-oxidative degradation (POD) of the outer shells and helmet age on...
| Publicado en: | Traffic Injury Prevention Vol. 17; pp. 79 - 86 |
|---|---|
| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
| Formato: | research Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Sep2016 Supplement
|
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=117877754&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 117877754 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 15389588 RGF jtl: Traffic Injury Prevention issn: 15389588 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Sep2016 Supplement vid: 17 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania artinfo: ui: 117877754 117877754 NLM27586107 117877754 10.1080/15389588.2016.1203428 NLM27586107 117877754 ppf: 79 ppct: 7 formats: tig: atl: Photo-oxidative degradation of motorcycle helmets in Hanoi, Vietnam: A prospective preliminary study. aug: au: Ramli, Roszalina Che Man, Zuraidah Nordin, Rifqah Abdul Karim, Fadzlina Rashdi, Muhd Fazlynizam Oxley, Jennie Viet Cuong, Pham affil: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia sug: subj: Chemical and Pharmacologic Phenomena Head Protective Devices Standards Oxidation-Reduction Ultraviolet Rays Adverse Effects Environmental Exposure Adverse Effects Motor Vehicles Vietnam Environmental Exposure Male Prospective Studies Time Factors Accidents, Traffic Cross Sectional Studies Young Adult Adolescence Qualitative Studies Middle Age Wounds and Injuries Therapy Adult Female Human Adolescent: 13-18 years Middle Aged: 45-64 years Adult: 19-44 years Male Female ab: Objective: Vietnamese spend hours travelling on the road using their motorcycles. Their helmets are exposed continuously to sunlight and rain. The objectives of this study were to determine the association between the effect of photo-oxidative degradation (POD) of the outer shells and helmet age on helmet damage. The micro-structural change of the outer shell was also investigated.Methods: This was a prospective, cross sectional study recruiting injured motorcyclists from Hanoi, Vietnam hospital. The participants were interviewed by a trained researcher. The participants' helmets were collected post-crash. Initially, the helmets were examined for their type and external characteristics. A 3 cm × 3 cm cut was made on the helmet in the impacted and non-impacted areas (control). These areas were investigated for evidence of POD and presence of micro-cracks and material disintegration. 50 participants were enrolled. Sources of information included questionnaire and laboratory analyses. The helmet factors of interest were age of the helmet, exposure of helmet to sunlight and rain (duration/day) and history of previous impact. Laboratory analyses included Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) for degradation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for micro-structural examination.Results: Majority of the helmets was the open-face type, 40 (80.0%). 31 (62.0%) helmets aged less than three years (LTY) and 19 (38.0%) were three years old or more (MTY). 19 (61.3%) of the LTY helmets and 12 (63.2%) MTY helmets showed evidence of POD. The duration of helmet exposure to sunlight was between 93 to 6570 hours (mean 2347.74 hours; SD 1733.39). The SEM showed 15 helmets (30%) with micro-fractures, 21 helmets (42.0%) with material disintegration. Prolonged uv exposure to the ABS helmets resulted in changes in the helmet material in the form of material disintegration and microcracks and this association was statistically significant (p = 0.03).Conclusion: POD occurs due to routine exposure to the ultraviolet light. Prolonged uv exposure affects outer shell surface material integrity. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|