Extracting information from the text of electronic medical records to improve case detection: a systematic review.

Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) are revolutionizing health-related research. One key issue for study quality is the accurate identification of patients with the condition of interest. Information in EMRs can be entered as structured codes or unstructured free text. The majority of rese...

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Publicado en:Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Vol. 23; no. 5; pp. 1007 - 1016
Autores principales: Ford, Elizabeth, Carroll, John A., Smith, Helen E., Scott, Donia, Cassell, Jackie A.
Formato: research systematic review Journal Article
Publicado: Oxford University Press / USA Sep2016
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Sep2016
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      pub: Oxford University Press / USA
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        atl: Extracting information from the text of electronic medical records to improve case detection: a systematic review.
      aug:
        au:
          Ford, Elizabeth
          Carroll, John A.
          Smith, Helen E.
          Scott, Donia
          Cassell, Jackie A.
        affil: Division of Primary Care and Public Health, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
      sug:
        subj:
          Information Retrieval
          Algorithms
          Human
          Sensitivity and Specificity
          Natural Language Processing
          Diagnosis
          Data Mining
          Funding Source
          Systematic Review
      ab: Background: Electronic medical records (EMRs) are revolutionizing health-related research. One key issue for study quality is the accurate identification of patients with the condition of interest. Information in EMRs can be entered as structured codes or unstructured free text. The majority of research studies have used only coded parts of EMRs for case-detection, which may bias findings, miss cases, and reduce study quality. This review examines whether incorporating information from text into case-detection algorithms can improve research quality.Methods: A systematic search returned 9659 papers, 67 of which reported on the extraction of information from free text of EMRs with the stated purpose of detecting cases of a named clinical condition. Methods for extracting information from text and the technical accuracy of case-detection algorithms were reviewed.Results: Studies mainly used US hospital-based EMRs, and extracted information from text for 41 conditions using keyword searches, rule-based algorithms, and machine learning methods. There was no clear difference in case-detection algorithm accuracy between rule-based and machine learning methods of extraction. Inclusion of information from text resulted in a significant improvement in algorithm sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic in comparison to codes alone (median sensitivity 78% (codes + text) vs 62% (codes), P = .03; median area under the receiver operating characteristic 95% (codes + text) vs 88% (codes), P = .025).Conclusions: Text in EMRs is accessible, especially with open source information extraction algorithms, and significantly improves case detection when combined with codes. More harmonization of reporting within EMR studies is needed, particularly standardized reporting of algorithm accuracy metrics like positive predictive value (precision) and sensitivity (recall).
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        systematic review
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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