How can we define and analyse drug exposure more precisely to improve the prediction of hospitalizations in longitudinal (claims) data?

Background: Risk prediction models can be powerful tools to support clinical decision-making, to help targeting interventions, and, thus, to improve clinical and economic outcomes, provided that model performance is good and sensitivity and specificity are well balanced. Drug utilization as a potent...

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Publicado en:European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Vol. 73; no. 3; pp. 373 - 381
Autores principales: Meid, Andreas, Groll, Andreas, Schieborr, Ulrich, Walker, Jochen, Haefeli, Walter
Formato: meta analysis research tables/charts Journal Article
Publicado: Springer Nature Mar2017
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: Mar2017
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        atl: How can we define and analyse drug exposure more precisely to improve the prediction of hospitalizations in longitudinal (claims) data?
      aug:
        au:
          Meid, Andreas
          Groll, Andreas
          Schieborr, Ulrich
          Walker, Jochen
          Haefeli, Walter
        affil: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology , University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 69120 Heidelberg Germany
      sug:
        subj:
          Hospitalization
          Prescriptions, Drug Evaluation
          Risk Assessment
          Models, Theoretical
          Decision Making, Clinical
          Drug Utilization
          Human
          Models, Biological
          Drugs Pharmacodynamics
          Prescribing Patterns
          Cox Proportional Hazards Model
          Regression
          Meta Analysis
      ab: Background: Risk prediction models can be powerful tools to support clinical decision-making, to help targeting interventions, and, thus, to improve clinical and economic outcomes, provided that model performance is good and sensitivity and specificity are well balanced. Drug utilization as a potential risk factor for unplanned hospitalizations has recently emerged as a meaningful predictor variable in such models. Drug treatment is a rather unstable (i.e. time-dependent) phenomenon and most drug-induced events are concentration-dependent and therefore individual drug exposure will likely modulate the risk. This especially applies to longitudinal monitoring of appropriate drug treatment within claims data as another promising application for prediction models. Methods and Results: To guide future research towards this direction, we firstly reviewed current risk prediction models for unplanned hospitalizations that explicitly included information on drug utilization and were surprised to find that these models rarely attempted to consider dose and frequent modulators of drug clearance such as interactions with co-medication or co-morbidities. As another example, they often presumed class effects where in fact, differences between active moieties were well established. In addition, the study designs and statistical risk analysis disregarded the fact that medication and risk modulators and, thus, adverse events can vary over time. In a simulation study, we therefore evaluated the potential benefit of time-dependent Cox models over standard binary regression approaches with a fixed follow-up period. Conclusions: Longitudinal drug information could be utilized much more efficiently both by precisely estimating individual drug exposure and by applying more refined statistical methodology to account for time-dependent drug utilization patterns.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        meta analysis
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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