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Regulation of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana by phytohormone-secreting epiphytic methylobacteria.

In numerous experimental studies, seedlings of the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana have been raised on sterile mineral salt agar. However, under natural conditions, no plant has ever grown in an environment without bacteria. Here, we document that germ-free (gnotobiotic) seedlings, raised on minera...

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Published in:Protoplasma Vol. 254; no. 5; pp. 1867 - 1878
Main Authors: Klikno, Jana, Kutschera, Ulrich
Format: Journal Article
Published: Springer Nature Sep2017
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
      place: New York, New York
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        atl: Regulation of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana by phytohormone-secreting epiphytic methylobacteria.
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        au:
          Klikno, Jana
          Kutschera, Ulrich
        affil: Institute of Biology , University of Kassel , Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40 34132 Kassel Germany
      sug:
      ab: In numerous experimental studies, seedlings of the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana have been raised on sterile mineral salt agar. However, under natural conditions, no plant has ever grown in an environment without bacteria. Here, we document that germ-free (gnotobiotic) seedlings, raised on mineral salt agar without sucrose, develop very short root hairs. In the presence of a soil extract that contains naturally occurring microbes, root hair elongation is promoted; this effect can be mimicked by the addition of methylobacteria to germ-free seedlings. Using five different bacterial species ( Methylobacterium mesophilicum, Methylobacterium extorquens, Methylobacterium oryzae, Methylobacterium podarium, and Methylobacterium radiotolerans), we show that, over 9 days of seedling development in a light-dark cycle, root development (hair elongation, length of the primary root, branching patterns) is regulated by these epiphytic microbes that occur in the rhizosphere of field-grown plants. In a sterile liquid culture test system, auxin (IAA) inhibited root growth with little effect on hair elongation and significantly stimulated hypocotyl enlargement. Cytokinins (trans-zeatin, kinetin) and ethylene (application of the precursor ACC) likewise exerted an inhibitory effect on root growth but, in contrast to IAA, drastically stimulated root hair elongation. Methylobacteria are phytosymbionts that produce/secrete cytokinins. We conclude that, under real-world conditions (soil), the provision of these phytohormones by methylobacteria (and other epiphytic microbes) regulates root development during seedling establishment.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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