The Irrelevance of the Risk-Uncertainty Distinction.

Precautionary Principles are often said to be appropriate for decision-making in contexts of uncertainty such as climate policy. Contexts of uncertainty are contrasted to contexts of risk depending on whether we have probabilities or not. Against this view, I argue that the risk-uncertainty distinct...

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Publicado en:Science & Engineering Ethics Vol. 23; no. 5; pp. 1387 - 1408
Autor principal: Roser, Dominic
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Oct2017
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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        au: Roser, Dominic
      su:
        Climate change
        Decision making
        Uncertainty
        Environmental policy
        Epistemics
        Probability theory
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        subj:
          Climate change
          Decision making
          Uncertainty
          Environmental policy
          Epistemics
          Probability theory
      keyword:
        Climate policy
        Knight
        Precautionary Principle
        Probability
        Risk
      ab: Precautionary Principles are often said to be appropriate for decision-making in contexts of uncertainty such as climate policy. Contexts of uncertainty are contrasted to contexts of risk depending on whether we have probabilities or not. Against this view, I argue that the risk-uncertainty distinction is practically irrelevant. I start by noting that the history of the distinction between risk and uncertainty is more varied than is sometimes assumed. In order to examine the distinction, I unpack the idea of having probabilities, in particular by distinguishing three interpretations of probability: objective, epistemic, and subjective probability. I then claim that if we are concerned with whether we have probabilities at all-regardless of how low their epistemic credentials are-then we almost always have probabilities for policy-making. The reason is that subjective and epistemic probability are the relevant interpretations of probability and we almost always have subjective and epistemic probabilities. In contrast, if we are only concerned with probabilities that have sufficiently high epistemic credentials, then we obviously do not always have probabilities. Climate policy, for example, would then be a case of decision-making under uncertainty. But, so I argue, we should not dismiss probabilities with low epistemic credentials. Rather, when they are the best available probabilities our decision principles should make use of them. And, since they are almost always available, the risk-uncertainty distinction remains irrelevant.
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