SHAME AS AN EXPERIENCE OF LACK: TOWARD A NEW PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SHAME.
The purpose of this paper is to give a sketch of a new phenomenological approach to shame. I claim that prevailing theories of shame are too narrow and reduce shame to a mere fear of social sanctions or to an intimate experience wherein a subject becomes an object of external social norms. Instead,...
| Publicado en: | Problems / Problemos Vol. 92; pp. 34 - 50 |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Vilnius University
2017
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| Sumario: | The purpose of this paper is to give a sketch of a new phenomenological approach to shame. I claim that prevailing theories of shame are too narrow and reduce shame to a mere fear of social sanctions or to an intimate experience wherein a subject becomes an object of external social norms. Instead, I demonstrate that we should understand shame as an experience wherein an individual feels his incapability of meeting the standards of the ego-ideal, since he lacks something valuable. From this perspective shame is, on the one hand, a profoundly intimate experience wherein an individual evaluates herself negatively because she lacks something she thinks she requires. On the other hand, since lack reveals itself only through a process wherein an individual compares her real self to the ego-ideal, shame always has an ideological dimension since the ego-ideal reflects the shared ideological values an individual is attached to and constitute part of one's self-conception. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra pasiūlyti naujo fenomenologinio požiūrio į gėdą apmatus. Tvirtinama, jog dominuojančios gėdos teorijos yra pernelyg siauros ir gėdą supranta vien kaip socialinių sankcijų baimę ar intymią patirtį, kai subjektas tampa išorinių socialinių normų objektu. Parodoma, kad gėdą reikėtų suprasti kaip individo išgyvenimą, jog jis nėra pajėgus pasiekti ego idealo standartų, nes stokoja kažko vertingo. Žvelgiant iš šios perspektyvos, gėda yra labai intymus išgyvenimas, kai individas vertina save neigiamai, nes esą stokoja to, kas, jo nuomone, jam reikalinga. Kita vertus, kadangi stoka pasireiškia tik individui lyginant realųjį savo Aš su ego idealu, gėda visuomet pasižymi ideologiniu aspektu, nes ego idealas atspindi bendras ideologines vertybes, prie kurių individas prisirišęs ir kurios sudaro dalį jo savipratos. |
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