| Sumario: | R has always provided an application programming interface (API) for extensions. Based on the <italic>C</italic> language, it uses a number of macros and other low-level constructs to exchange data structures between the R process and any dynamically loaded component modules authors added to it. With the introduction of the <italic>Rcpp</italic> package, and its later refinements, this process has become considerably easier yet also more robust. By now, <italic>Rcpp</italic> has become the most popular extension mechanism for R. This article introduces <italic>Rcpp</italic>, and illustrates with several examples how the <italic>Rcpp Attributes</italic> mechanism in particular eases the transition of objects between R and C++ code. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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