Identification of urban drinking water supply patterns across 627 cities in China based on supervised and unsupervised statistical learning.

Urbanization, one of the predominant trends of the 21st century, places great stress on urban water supply networks. This paper aimed to identify the most important variables driving urban water supply patterns in China, a region which has seen rapid urban growth in the last few decades. In addition...

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Published in:Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 223; pp. 658 - 668
Main Authors: De Clercq, Djavan, Smith, Kate, Chou, Brandon, Gonzalez, Andrew, Kothapalle, Rinitha, Li, Charles, Dong, Xin, Liu, Shuming, Wen, Zongguo
Format: Article
Published: Academic Press Inc. Oct2018
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        03014797
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      dt: Oct2018
      vid: 223
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      pub: Academic Press Inc.
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        131070832
        10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.073
      ppf: 658
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        atl: Identification of urban drinking water supply patterns across 627 cities in China based on supervised and unsupervised statistical learning.
      aug:
        au:
          De Clercq, Djavan
          Smith, Kate
          Chou, Brandon
          Gonzalez, Andrew
          Kothapalle, Rinitha
          Li, Charles
          Dong, Xin
          Liu, Shuming
          Wen, Zongguo
        affil:
          School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
          Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
          College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
      su:
        Water supply
        Urbanization
        Drinking water
        Sustainability
        Random forest algorithms
      sug:
        subj:
          Water supply
          Urbanization
          Water Supply and Irrigation Systems
          Drinking water
          Sustainability
          Random forest algorithms
      keyword:
        China
        Machine learning
        Urban water supply
        China
        Machine learning
        Urban water supply
      ab: Urbanization, one of the predominant trends of the 21st century, places great stress on urban water supply networks. This paper aimed to identify the most important variables driving urban water supply patterns in China, a region which has seen rapid urban growth in the last few decades. In addition, a principal component analysis-informed urban water sustainability index was developed in order to benchmark cities. The research involved applying statistical learning and other analytical methods to 12 years of urban water supply data for 627 cities across China. The findings were as follows: (1) PCA showed that approximately 46.8% of variability in the data could be explained by two principal components. Component 1 (37.26%) was more closely associated with variables related to water supply and sale, supply pipelines, and water supply finance. C2 (9.51%) was clearly related to urban water prices and average per capita water use. (2) Random forest and XGBoost algorithms were effective in classifying cities according to their region, with model testing accuracies of 87.69% and 88.32% respectively. (3) Chinese cities have consistently suffered water loss/leakage rates above 20% since 2001, and water prices are closely associated with leakage. (4) China's urban water sustainability has increased by just 3.56% between 2001 and 2013; Southwest China saw the highest growth rate in urban water supply sustainability. The implications of our research effort will be useful for decision makers in water-stressed urban areas around the world who are seeking novel insights in how to leverage statistical learning techniques to gain insights into urban drinking water supply patterns.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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