Land Snail Shell Beads in the Sub-Saharan Archaeological Record: When, Where, and Why?

Shell beads are well established in the archaeological record of sub-Saharan Africa and appear as early as 75,000 BP; however, most research has focused on ostrich eggshell (OES) and various marine mollusc species. Beads made from various land snails shells (LSS), frequently described as Achatina, a...

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Publicado en:African Archaeological Review Vol. 35; no. 3; pp. 347 - 379
Autores principales: Miller, Jennifer M., Sawchuk, Elizabeth A., Reedman, Amy L. R., Willoughby, Pamela R.
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Springer Nature Sep2018
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      pub: Springer Nature
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        10.1007/s10437-018-9305-3
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        atl: Land Snail Shell Beads in the Sub-Saharan Archaeological Record: When, Where, and Why?
      aug:
        au:
          Miller, Jennifer M.
          Sawchuk, Elizabeth A.
          Reedman, Amy L. R.
          Willoughby, Pamela R.
        affil:
          Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
          Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
      su:
        Snail shells
        Beads
        Archaeology
        Snail anatomy
        Art materials
      sug:
        subj:
          Snail shells
          Beads
          Archaeology
          Snail anatomy
          Art materials
      keyword:
        Achatina
        Iron Age
        Land snail
        Later Stone Age
        Shell bead
      ab: Shell beads are well established in the archaeological record of sub-Saharan Africa and appear as early as 75,000 BP; however, most research has focused on ostrich eggshell (OES) and various marine mollusc species. Beads made from various land snails shells (LSS), frequently described as Achatina, also appear to be widespread. Yet tracking their appearance and distribution is difficult because LSS beads are often intentionally or unintentionally lumped with OES beads, there are no directly dated examples, and bead reporting in general is highly variable in the archaeological literature. Nevertheless, Achatina and other potential cases of LSS beads are present at over 80 archaeological sites in at least eight countries, spanning the early Holocene to recent past. Here, we collate published cases and report on several more. We also present a new case from Magubike Rockshelter in southern Tanzania with the first directly dated LSS beads, which we use to illustrate methods for identifying LSS as a raw material. Despite the long history of OES bead production on the continent and the abundance of land snails available throughout the Pleistocene, LSS beads appear only in the late Holocene and are almost exclusively found in Iron Age contexts. We consider possible explanations for the late adoption of land snails as a raw material for beadmaking within the larger context of environmental, economic, and social processes in Holocene Africa. By highlighting the existence of these artifacts, we hope to facilitate more in-depth research on the timing, production, and distribution of LSS beads in African prehistory.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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      custom: African Archaeological Review is a copyright of Springer, 2018. All Rights Reserved.
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