| Sumario: | The article considers the sources of «Cartesian perspectivism» as the leading «visual regime» of Modern era. It is argued that from the modern visual order, the origins of which are contained in the scientific and cultural transformations of the period, a new type of researcher is born – an observer, oriented on scientific rationality whose goal is to achieve true knowledge about the world. Scientific orientation of the philosophical worldview of Modern period had three key prerequisites in the genesis of the thinking culture of the XV–XVII centuries. Firstly, it is the formation of a mathematically oriented perspective in painting; secondly, the discovery in the field of optics; thirdly, the formation of three–dimensional geometry. These achievements of science prepared the emergence of a new picture of the world, which separated the subject from the object and was the basis of modern scientific rationality. The philosophical embodiment of «Cartesian perspectivism» was the philosophy of René Descartes, which stands for a methodological foundation for a scientific outlook based on the distinction between subject and object.
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