Retirement Sequences of Older Americans: Moderately Destandardized and Highly Stratified Across Gender, Class, and Race.
Purpose of the Study A destandardization of labor-force patterns revolving around retirement has been observed in recent literature. It is unclear, however, to which degree and of which kind. This study looked at sequences rather than individual statuses or transitions and argued that differentiatin...
| Publicado en: | Gerontologist Vol. 58; no. 6; pp. 1166 - 1177 |
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| Autores principales: | , , |
| Formato: | Artículo |
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Oxford University Press / USA
Dec2018
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ssf&AN=132853295&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ssf uiTerm: 132853295 longDbName: Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00169013 GET jtl: Gerontologist issn: 00169013 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Dec2018 vid: 58 iid: 6 pid: 622 pub: Oxford University Press / USA artinfo: ui: 132853295 10.1093/geront/gnx052 ppf: 1166 ppct: 11 formats: tig: atl: Retirement Sequences of Older Americans: Moderately Destandardized and Highly Stratified Across Gender, Class, and Race. aug: au: Calvo, Esteban Madero-Cabib, Ignacio Staudinger, Ursula M affil: Public Policy Institute, School of Business and Economics, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, New York Public Policy Institute, School of Business and Economics, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, New York su: Americas Unemployment Black people Race Health status indicators Sex distribution Social classes Employment Retirement Part-time employment White people Educational attainment Sequence analysis Time sug: subj: Unemployment Black people Race Health status indicators Sex distribution Social classes Employment Retirement Part-time employment White people Educational attainment Americas Sequence analysis Time keyword: Life course/life span Productive aging Public policy Sociology of aging/social gerontology Workforce issues Life course/life span Productive aging Public policy Sociology of aging/social gerontology Workforce issues ab: Purpose of the Study A destandardization of labor-force patterns revolving around retirement has been observed in recent literature. It is unclear, however, to which degree and of which kind. This study looked at sequences rather than individual statuses or transitions and argued that differentiating older Americans' retirement sequences by type, order, and timing and considering gender, class, and race differences yields a less destandardized picture. Design and Methods Sequence analysis was employed to analyze panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) for 7,881 individuals observed 6 consecutive times between ages 60–61 and 70–71. Results As expected, types of retirement sequences were identified that cannot be subsumed under the conventional model of complete retirement from full-time employment around age 65. However, these retirement sequences were not entirely destandardized, as some irreversibility and age-grading persisted. Further, the degree of destandardization varied along gender, class, and race. Unconventional sequences were archetypal for middle-level educated individuals and Blacks. Also, sequences for women and individuals with lower education showed more unemployment and part-time jobs, and less age-grading. Implications A sequence-analytic approach that models group differences uncovers misjudgments about the degree of destandardization of retirement sequences. When a continuous process is represented as individual transitions, the overall pattern of retirement sequences gets lost and appears destandardized. These patterns get further complicated by differences in social structures by gender, class, and race in ways that seem to reproduce advantages that men, more highly educated individuals, and Whites enjoy in numerous areas over the life course. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: N holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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