Ruling engines and diffraction gratings before Rowland: the work of Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers.
Diffraction gratings are famously associated with Henry Rowland of Johns Hopkins University but there were precursors. Although gratings were first made and used in Europe, reliable machines for ruling gratings were developed in the USA, and two men, Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers, tackled the...
| Publicado en: | Annals of Science Vol. 75; no. 4; pp. 330 - 361 |
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| Formato: | Artículo |
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Taylor & Francis Ltd
Oct2018
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hlh&AN=133399933&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: hlh uiTerm: 133399933 longDbName: Humanities International Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: jinfo: jid: 00033790 7J1 jtl: Annals of Science issn: 00033790 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Oct2018 vid: 75 iid: 4 pid: 377 pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd artinfo: ui: 133399933 10.1080/00033790.2018.1545047 ppf: 330 ppct: 31 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P size: 2.4MB tig: atl: Ruling engines and diffraction gratings before Rowland: the work of Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers. aug: au: Brown, C. N. affil: Formerly of the Science Museum, London, UK su: Diffraction gratings Rowland, Henry Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris, 1816-1892 Diffractive optical elements Technological innovations sug: subj: Diffraction gratings Rowland, Henry Rutherfurd, Lewis Morris, 1816-1892 Diffractive optical elements Technological innovations keyword: Daniel Chapman diffraction gratings Lewis Rutherfurd Ruling engines William Rogers ab: Diffraction gratings are famously associated with Henry Rowland of Johns Hopkins University but there were precursors. Although gratings were first made and used in Europe, reliable machines for ruling gratings were developed in the USA, and two men, Lewis Rutherfurd and William Rogers, tackled the problem before Rowland. Rutherfurd, a wealthy independent astronomer, designed and built the first screw-operated engine for ruling diffraction gratings, the fore-runner of almost all subsequent ruling engines. With it he and his assistant D. C. Chapman ruled many gratings which he generously distributed to practising scientists, thereby materially advancing the science of spectroscopy. Rogers was a Harvard astronomer who developed an interest in the ruling of fine lines on glass that led him to construct a ruling engine with which he investigated the causes of the errors in the rulings he had examined. He continued to seek improvements with a second engine designed for ruling diffraction gratings. He ceased developing this engine when Rowland's excellent gratings began to be available, concentrating instead on related problems to which he could apply the knowledge and skills he had gained, but his investigations assisted Rowland and other later ruling engine builders. This paper brings together what is known about the ruling engines of Rutherfurd and Rogers, their development, the gratings they produced, their quality and the work that was done with them, and assesses and compares their achievements and the impacts of the work of these two men. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: Article src: R language: English refInfo: copyright: @attributes: flag: Y custom: Copyright of Annals of Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. item: Annals of Science holder: Taylor & Francis Ltd dt: @attributes: year: 2018 holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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