Evidence supporting dual‐process theory of medical diagnosis: a functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study.
Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the dual‐process theory of medical diagnosis enjoys neuroscientific support. To that end, the study explored whether neurological correlates of system‐2 thinking could be located in the brain. It was hypothesised that system‐2...
| Publicado en: | Medical Education Vol. 53; no. 2; pp. 143 - 153 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
| Formato: | diagnostic images research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Wiley-Blackwell
Feb2019
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=134201448&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 134201448 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 03080110 ESF jtl: Medical Education issn: 03080110 maglogo: Y pubinfo: dt: Feb2019 vid: 53 iid: 2 pid: 480 pub: Wiley-Blackwell place: Malden, Massachusetts artinfo: ui: 134201448 134201448 134201448 10.1111/medu.13681 134201448 ppf: 143 ppct: 10 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: C – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Evidence supporting dual‐process theory of medical diagnosis: a functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study. aug: au: Rotgans, Jerome I Schmidt, Henk G Rosby, Lucy V Tan, Gerald J S Mamede, Silvia Zwaan, Laura Low‐Beer, Naomi affil: Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Singapore sug: subj: Learning Theory Diagnostic Reasoning Human Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared Experimental Studies Learning Methods Students, Medical Radiography, Thoracic Validity Frontal Lobe Physiology Cerebral Cortex Physiology Oxygenation ab: Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the dual‐process theory of medical diagnosis enjoys neuroscientific support. To that end, the study explored whether neurological correlates of system‐2 thinking could be located in the brain. It was hypothesised that system‐2 thinking could be observed as the activation of the prefrontal cortex. Method: An experimental paradigm was applied that consisted of a learning and a test phase. During the learning phase, 22 medical students were trained in diagnosing chest X‐rays. Four of these eight cases were presented repeatedly, to develop a high level of expertise for these cases. During the test phase, all eight cases were presented and the participants' prefrontal cortex was scanned using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy. Response time and diagnostic accuracy were recorded as behavioural indicators. Results: The results revealed that participants' diagnostic accuracy in the test phase was significantly higher for the trained cases as compared with the untrained cases (F[1, 21] = 138.80, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.87). Also, their response time was significantly shorter for these cases (F[1, 21] = 18.12, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.46). Finally, the results revealed that only for the untrained cases, could a significant activation of the anterolateral prefrontal cortex be observed (F[1, 21] = 21.00, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.34). Conclusion: The fact that only untrained cases triggered higher levels of blood oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex is an indication that system‐2 thinking is a cognitive process distinct from system 1. Implications of these findings for the validity of the dual‐process theory are discussed. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy is used to demonstrate that medical students experience more anterolateral prefontal cortex activation when presented with new cases relative to cases that have been seen before. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: diagnostic images research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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