A novel examination of exposure patterns and posttraumatic stress after a university mass murder.

Objective: Occurring at an alarming rate in the United States, mass violence has been linked to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in both direct victims and community members who are indirectly exposed. Identifying what distinct exposure patterns exist and their relation to later PTSS has importa...

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Publicado en:Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice & Policy Vol. 11; no. 2; pp. 176 - 184
Autores principales: Liu, Sabrina R., Kia-Keating, Maryam
Formato: research Journal Article
Publicado: American Psychological Association Feb2019
Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice & Policy
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      dt: Feb2019
      vid: 11
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      pub: American Psychological Association
      place: Washington, District of Columbia
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        134365426
        134365426
        134365426
        10.1037/tra0000354
        134365426
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        atl: A novel examination of exposure patterns and posttraumatic stress after a university mass murder.
      aug:
        au:
          Liu, Sabrina R.
          Kia-Keating, Maryam
      sug:
        subj:
          Homicide
          Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic Diagnosis
          Exposure to Violence
          Students, College Psychosocial Factors
          Human
          Surveys
          Internet
          Data Analysis, Statistical
          Auditory Perception
          Visual Perception
          Interpersonal Relations
      ab: Objective: Occurring at an alarming rate in the United States, mass violence has been linked to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in both direct victims and community members who are indirectly exposed. Identifying what distinct exposure patterns exist and their relation to later PTSS has important clinical implications. The present study determined classes of exposure to an event of mass violence, and if PTSS differed across classes. Method: First- and second-year college students (N = 1,189) participated in a confidential online survey following a mass murder at their university, which assessed event exposure and PTSS 3 months later. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to empirically determine distinct classes of exposure patterns and links between class membership and PTSS. Results: The final model yielded 4 classes: minimal exposure (55.5% of sample), auditory exposure (29.4% of sample), visual exposure (10% of sample), and interpersonal exposure (5% of sample). More severe direct exposure (i.e., the visual exposure class) was associated with significantly higher levels of PTSS than the auditory exposure or minimal exposure classes, as was the interpersonal exposure class. There were no significant differences in PTSS between the auditory exposure and minimal exposure classes or the visual exposure and interpersonal exposure classes. Conclusion: Results point to the differential impact of exposure categories, and provide empirical evidence for distinguishing among auditory, visual, and interpersonal exposures to events of mass violence on college campuses. Clinical implications suggest that visual and interpersonal exposure may warrant targeted efforts following mass violence.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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