The spurious relationship between ecstasy use and neurocognitive deficits: A Bradford Hill review.
Numerous studies have suggested that MDMA can cause neurocognitive deficits. However, the available data can only suggest an association - rather than a causal relationship - between MDMA use and neurocognitive deficits. The reliability and robustness of this association was evaluated using Bradford...
| Publicado en: | International Journal of Drug Policy Vol. 64; pp. 47 - 54 |
|---|---|
| Autor principal: | |
| Formato: | research Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
Feb2019
|
| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=134737100&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 134737100 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 09553959 GPD jtl: International Journal of Drug Policy issn: 09553959 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Feb2019 vid: 64 pid: 467 pub: Elsevier B.V. place: New York, New York artinfo: ui: 134737100 134737100 NLM30579220 134737100 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.11.002 NLM30579220 134737100 ppf: 47 ppct: 7 formats: tig: atl: The spurious relationship between ecstasy use and neurocognitive deficits: A Bradford Hill review. aug: au: Amoroso, Timothy affil: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States sug: subj: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Adverse Effects Relative Risk Memory Drug Effects Retrospective Design Cognition Drug Effects Adverse Drug Event Reference Databases Reproducibility of Results Human ab: Numerous studies have suggested that MDMA can cause neurocognitive deficits. However, the available data can only suggest an association - rather than a causal relationship - between MDMA use and neurocognitive deficits. The reliability and robustness of this association was evaluated using Bradford Hill's criteria for determining causation in epidemiology research. Several limitations in the literature were found. Studies have recruited people who abuse ecstasy - an illicit drug that does not always contain MDMA. There is inherent risk in consuming impure or falsely identified substances; and using this as a source as for scientific opinion may introduce biases in our understanding the actuals risks associated with MDMA. Importantly, given that ecstasy research is predominately retrospective, baseline functioning cannot be established; which may be influenced by a variety of preexisting factors. Many studies introduce statistical errors by inconsistently dichotomizing and comparing light and heavy ecstasy users, making dose-response relationships inconclusive. When interpreting the ecstasy literature effect sizes are a more meaningful indicator of neurocognitive functioning rather than relying on p-values alone. Most meta-analyses have failed to find clinically relevant differences between ecstasy users and controls. There is also consistent evidence of publication bias in this field of research, which indicates that the literature is both biased and incomplete. Finally, suggestions for improving the ecstasy literature are provided. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
|---|