Sex differences in predicting ADHD clinical diagnosis and pharmacological treatment.
In youth, ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in males than females, but higher male-to-female ratios are found in clinical versus population-based samples, suggesting a sex bias in the process of receiving a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. This study investigated sex differences in the severity and present...
| Publicado en: | European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. 481 - 490 |
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , |
| Formato: | research tables/charts Journal Article |
| Publicado: |
Springer Nature
Apr2019
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| Acceso en línea: | Ver este registro en EBSCOhost |
| fields | @attributes: recordID: 1 pdfLink: plink: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=135694111&site=ehost-live header: @attributes: shortDbName: ccm uiTerm: 135694111 longDbName: CINAHL Complete uiTag: AN controlInfo: bkinfo: dissinfo: jinfo: jid: 10188827 EJ3 jtl: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry issn: 10188827 maglogo: N pubinfo: dt: Apr2019 vid: 28 iid: 4 pid: 237 pub: Springer Nature place: New York, New York artinfo: ui: 135694111 135694111 135694111 10.1007/s00787-018-1211-3 135694111 ppf: 481 ppct: 9 formats: fmt: – @attributes: type: T – @attributes: type: P tig: atl: Sex differences in predicting ADHD clinical diagnosis and pharmacological treatment. aug: au: Mowlem, Florence D. Rosenqvist, Mina A. Martin, Joanna Lichtenstein, Paul Asherson, Philip Larsson, Henrik affil: Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, DeCrespigny Park, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AF, London, UK sug: subj: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Drug Therapy Sex Factors Predictive Research Male Female Sweden Severity of Illness Hyperkinesis Impulsive Behavior Confidence Intervals Human Odds Ratio Child Child: 6-12 years Male Female ab: In youth, ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in males than females, but higher male-to-female ratios are found in clinical versus population-based samples, suggesting a sex bias in the process of receiving a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. This study investigated sex differences in the severity and presentation of ADHD symptoms, conduct problems, and learning problems in males and females with and without clinically diagnosed ADHD. We then investigated whether the predictive associations of these symptom domains on being diagnosed and treated for ADHD differed in males and females. Parents of 19,804 twins (50.64% male) from the Swedish population completed dimensional assessments of ADHD symptoms and co-occurring traits (conduct and learning problems) when children were aged 9 years. Children from this population sample were linked to Patient Register data on clinical ADHD diagnosis and medication prescriptions. At the population level, males had higher scores for all symptom domains (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, conduct, and learning problems) compared to females, but similar severity was seen in clinically diagnosed males and females. Symptom severity for all domains increased the likelihood of receiving an ADHD diagnosis in both males and females. Prediction analyses revealed significant sex-by-symptom interactions on diagnostic and treatment status for hyperactivity/impulsivity and conduct problems. In females, these behaviours were stronger predictors of clinical diagnosis (hyperactivity/impulsivity: OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01, 1.15; conduct: OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09, 1.87), and prescription of pharmacological treatment (hyperactivity/impulsivity: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02, 1.50; conduct: OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.05, 4.63). Females with ADHD may be more easily missed in the ADHD diagnostic process and less likely to be prescribed medication unless they have prominent externalising problems. pubtype: Academic Journal doctype: research tables/charts Journal Article ougenre: Article language: English refInfo: holdings: @attributes: islocal: N |
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