"Soccer is a matter of real men?" Sexist and homophobic attitudes in three Italian soccer teams differentiated by sexual orientation and gender identity.

During the 1980s and early 1990s, homophobia and sexism were pervasive in sport contexts due to their sex-segregation, male-domination, and heteronormative culture. In the last two decades, a change in attitudes toward gender and sexuality, in particular within typically masculine sports, has been o...

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Publicado en:International Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology Vol. 17; no. 3; pp. 285 - 302
Autores principales: Scandurra, Cristiano, Braucci, Ornella, Bochicchio, Vincenzo, Valerio, Paolo, Amodeo, Anna Lisa
Formato: Artículo
Publicado: Taylor & Francis Ltd May2019
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Acceso en línea:Ver este registro en EBSCOhost
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      dt: May2019
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
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        10.1080/1612197X.2017.1339728
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        atl: "Soccer is a matter of real men?" Sexist and homophobic attitudes in three Italian soccer teams differentiated by sexual orientation and gender identity.
      aug:
        au:
          Scandurra, Cristiano
          Braucci, Ornella
          Bochicchio, Vincenzo
          Valerio, Paolo
          Amodeo, Anna Lisa
        affil:
          SInAPSi Center, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
          Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
          Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
          Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
      su:
        Homophobia
        Gender identity
        Heterosexuality
        Social stigma
        Human sexuality
      sug:
        subj:
          Homophobia
          Gender identity
          Heterosexuality
          Social stigma
          Human sexuality
      keyword:
        femininity
        soccer; homophobia; sexism; homosexuality; Inclusive Masculinity Theory
        femininity
        soccer; homophobia; sexism; homosexuality; Inclusive Masculinity Theory
      ab: During the 1980s and early 1990s, homophobia and sexism were pervasive in sport contexts due to their sex-segregation, male-domination, and heteronormative culture. In the last two decades, a change in attitudes toward gender and sexuality, in particular within typically masculine sports, has been observed. Notwithstanding that, no research assessing if this change also occurred in Italy was conducted. Using semi-structured focus groups and adopting the framework of Inclusive Masculinity Theory, the current study explored sexist and homophobic attitudes in three Italian soccer teams differentiated by gender and sexual orientation. Team 1 comprised openly gay male athletes, Team 2 comprised both lesbian and heterosexual women, and Team 3 comprised heterosexual men. Narratives were analysed through constant comparison analysis. Specific macro-categories were identified in each team, as follows: Team 1: need for affiliation, in/visibility, perceived homophobia, and perceived institutionalised homophobia; Team 2: need for affiliation, masculine dominance, equal opportunities, and crossing gender boundaries; and Team 3: presumption of heterosexuality, female inferiority, and tendency toward a homosocial law. The results suggest that soccer, in Italy, still represents a context organised around men's dominance over women and the stigmatisation of gay men. Notwithstanding, they suggest also that we are witnessing an interlocutory phase where some heterosexual soccer players are starting to challenge homophobia but, at the same time, women and openly gay players still perceive a homohysteric culture. The discussion is contextualised in the social context where discourses arose.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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