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Assessment of spray polyurethane foam worker exposure to organophosphate flame retardants through measures in air, hand wipes, and urine.

Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP, also referenced as TCIPP), a flame retardant used in spray polyurethane foam insulation, increases cell toxicity and affects fetal development. Spray polyurethane foam workers have the potential to be exposed to TCPP during application. In this study, we dete...

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Published in:Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene Vol. 16; no. 7; pp. 477 - 489
Main Authors: Estill, Cheryl Fairfield, Slone, Jonathan, Mayer, Alexander C., Phillips, Kaitlyn, Lu, John, Chen, I-Chen, Christianson, Annette, Streicher, Robert, Guardia, Mark J. La, Jayatilaka, Nayana, Ospina, Maria, Calafat, Antonia M.
Format: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: Taylor & Francis Ltd Jul2019
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      jtl: Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
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      dt: Jul2019
      vid: 16
      iid: 7
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      pub: Taylor & Francis Ltd
      place: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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        10.1080/15459624.2019.1609004
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        atl: Assessment of spray polyurethane foam worker exposure to organophosphate flame retardants through measures in air, hand wipes, and urine.
      aug:
        au:
          Estill, Cheryl Fairfield
          Slone, Jonathan
          Mayer, Alexander C.
          Phillips, Kaitlyn
          Lu, John
          Chen, I-Chen
          Christianson, Annette
          Streicher, Robert
          Guardia, Mark J. La
          Jayatilaka, Nayana
          Ospina, Maria
          Calafat, Antonia M.
        affil: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio
      sug:
        subj:
          Occupational Exposure Analysis
          Organophosphorus Compounds Adverse Effects
          Flame Retardants Adverse Effects
          Polyurethanes Adverse Effects
          Biological Markers Urine
          Human
          Male
          Adult
          Databases
          Blue Collar Workers
          Air Pollution, Indoor Analysis
          Hand
          Urinalysis
          Creatinine
          Job Characteristics
          Gloves
          Protective Devices
          Body Mass Index
          Descriptive Statistics
          Data Analysis Software
          Adult: 19-44 years
          Male
      ab: Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP, also referenced as TCIPP), a flame retardant used in spray polyurethane foam insulation, increases cell toxicity and affects fetal development. Spray polyurethane foam workers have the potential to be exposed to TCPP during application. In this study, we determined exposure to TCPP and concentrations of the urinary biomarker bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP) among 29 spray polyurethane foam workers over 2 work days. Work was conducted at residential or commercial facilities using both open-cell (low density) and closed-cell (high density) foam. Study participants provided two personal air samples (Day 1 and Day 2), two hand wipe samples (Pre-shift Day 2 and Post-shift Day 2), and two spot urine samples (Pre-shift Day 1 and Post-shift Day 2). Bulk samples of cured spray foam were also analyzed. Sprayers were found to have significantly higher TCPP geometric mean (GM) concentration in personal air samples (87.1 μg/m3), compared to helpers (30.2 μg/m3; p = 0.025). A statistically significant difference was observed between TCPP pre- and post-shift hand wipe GM concentrations (p = 0.004). Specifically, TCPP GM concentration in post-shift hand wipe samples of helpers (106,000 ng/sample) was significantly greater than pre-shift (27,300 ng/sample; p < 0.001). The GM concentration of the urinary biomarker BCPP (23.8 μg/g creatinine) was notably higher than the adult male general population (0.159 μg/g creatinine, p < 0.001). Urinary BCPP GM concentration increased significantly from Pre-shift Day 1 to Post-shift Day 2 for sprayers (p = 0.013) and helpers (p = 0.009). Among bulk samples, cured open-cell foam had a TCPP GM concentration of 9.23% by weight while closed-cell foam was 1.68%. Overall, post-shift BCPP urine concentrations were observed to be associated with TCPP air and hand wipe concentrations, as well as job position (sprayer vs. helper). Spray polyurethane foam workers should wear personal protective equipment including air-supplied respirators, coveralls, and gloves during application.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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