Precursor-induced conditional random fields: connecting separate entities by induction for improved clinical named entity recognition.

Background: This paper presents a conditional random fields (CRF) method that enables the capture of specific high-order label transition factors to improve clinical named entity recognition performance. Consecutive clinical entities in a sentence are usually separated from each other, and the textu...

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Published in:BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making Vol. 19; no. 1
Main Authors: Lee, Wangjin, Choi, Jinwook
Format: research Journal Article
Published: BioMed Central 7/15/2019
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        14726947
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      jtl: BMC Medical Informatics & Decision Making
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      dt: 7/15/2019
      vid: 19
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      pid: 24147
      pub: BioMed Central
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        137489912
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        NLM31307440
        137489912
        10.1186/s12911-019-0865-1
        NLM31307440
        137489912
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        atl: Precursor-induced conditional random fields: connecting separate entities by induction for improved clinical named entity recognition.
      aug:
        au:
          Lee, Wangjin
          Choi, Jinwook
        affil: Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, 03080, Seoul, South Korea
      sug:
        subj:
          Natural Language Processing
          Health Information Systems
          Models, Theoretical
          Human
          Validation Studies
          Comparative Studies
          Evaluation Research
          Multicenter Studies
          Scales
      ab: Background: This paper presents a conditional random fields (CRF) method that enables the capture of specific high-order label transition factors to improve clinical named entity recognition performance. Consecutive clinical entities in a sentence are usually separated from each other, and the textual descriptions in clinical narrative documents frequently indicate causal or posterior relationships that can be used to facilitate clinical named entity recognition. However, the CRF that is generally used for named entity recognition is a first-order model that constrains label transition dependency of adjoining labels under the Markov assumption.Methods: Based on the first-order structure, our proposed model utilizes non-entity tokens between separated entities as an information transmission medium by applying a label induction method. The model is referred to as precursor-induced CRF because its non-entity state memorizes precursor entity information, and the model's structure allows the precursor entity information to propagate forward through the label sequence.Results: We compared the proposed model with both first- and second-order CRFs in terms of their F1-scores, using two clinical named entity recognition corpora (the i2b2 2012 challenge and the Seoul National University Hospital electronic health record). The proposed model demonstrated better entity recognition performance than both the first- and second-order CRFs and was also more efficient than the higher-order model.Conclusion: The proposed precursor-induced CRF which uses non-entity labels as label transition information improves entity recognition F1 score by exploiting long-distance transition factors without exponentially increasing the computational time. In contrast, a conventional second-order CRF model that uses longer distance transition factors showed even worse results than the first-order model and required the longest computation time. Thus, the proposed model could offer a considerable performance improvement over current clinical named entity recognition methods based on the CRF models.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        research
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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