Development of a Paper-Based Sensor Compatible with a Mobile Phone for the Detection of Common Iron Formulas Used in Fortified Foods within Resource-Limited Settings.

A lack of quality control tools limits the enforcement of fortification policies. In alignment with the World Health Organization's ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable), a paper-based assay that interfaces with a smartph...

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Published in:Nutrients Vol. 11; no. 7; pp. 1673 - 1674
Main Authors: Waller, Anna W., Toc, Marco, Rigsby, Dylan J., Gaytán-Martínez, Marcela, Andrade, Juan E.
Format: pictorial research tables/charts Journal Article
Published: MDPI Jul2019
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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      dt: Jul2019
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      pub: MDPI
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        10.3390/nu11071673
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        atl: Development of a Paper-Based Sensor Compatible with a Mobile Phone for the Detection of Common Iron Formulas Used in Fortified Foods within Resource-Limited Settings.
      aug:
        au:
          Waller, Anna W.
          Toc, Marco
          Rigsby, Dylan J.
          Gaytán-Martínez, Marcela
          Andrade, Juan E.
        affil: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
      sug:
        subj:
          Food, Fortified Analysis
          Mobile Applications
          Biological Assay
          Human
          Colorimetry Methods
          Image Processing, Computer Assisted
          Software
          Iron Analysis
          Infant Formula
          Food
          Spectrophotometry
          Ferrous Compounds
          Descriptive Statistics
      ab: A lack of quality control tools limits the enforcement of fortification policies. In alignment with the World Health Organization's ASSURED criteria (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable), a paper-based assay that interfaces with a smartphone application for the quantification of iron fortificants is presented. The assay is based on the Ferrozine colorimetric method. The reaction started after deposition of the 5 µL aqueous sample and drying. After developing color, pixel intensity values were obtained using a smartphone camera and image processing software or a mobile application, Nu3px. From these values, the actual iron concentration from ferrous sulfate and ferrous fumarate was calculated. The limits of detection, quantification, linearity, range, and errors (systematic and random) were ascertained. The paper-based values from real samples (wheat flour, nixtamalized corn flour, and infant formula) were compared against atomic emission spectroscopy. The comparison of several concentrations of atomic iron between the spectrophotometric and paper-based assays showed a strong positive linear correlation (y = 47.01x + 126.18; R2 = 0.9932). The dynamic range (5.0–100 µg/mL) and limit of detection (3.691 µg/mL) of the paper-based assay are relevant for fortified food matrices. Random and systematic errors were 15.9% and + 8.65 µg/g food, respectively. The concept can be applied to limited-resource settings to measure iron in fortified foods.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype:
        pictorial
        research
        tables/charts
        Journal Article
      ougenre: Article
    language: English
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