Pain Expressions in Dementia: Validity of Observers' Pain Judgments as a Function of Angle of Observation.

Facial expressions of pain are important in assessing individuals with dementia and severe communicative limitations. Though frontal views of the face are assumed to allow for the most valid and reliable observational assessments, the impact of viewing angle is unknown. We video-recorded older adult...

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Published in:Journal of Nonverbal Behavior Vol. 43; no. 3; pp. 309 - 328
Main Authors: Erin Browne, M., Hadjistavropoulos, Thomas, Prkachin, Kenneth, Ashraf, Ahmed, Taati, Babak
Format: Article
Published: Springer Nature Sep2019
Subjects:
Online Access:View this record in EBSCOhost
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        10.1007/s10919-019-00303-4
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        atl: Pain Expressions in Dementia: Validity of Observers' Pain Judgments as a Function of Angle of Observation.
      aug:
        au:
          Erin Browne, M.
          Hadjistavropoulos, Thomas
          Prkachin, Kenneth
          Ashraf, Ahmed
          Taati, Babak
        affil:
          Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
          Department of Psychology, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
          Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
          Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
      su:
        Communication
        Facial expression
        Judgment (Psychology)
        Pain management
        Diagnosis of dementia
        Treatment of dementia
        Algorithms
        Physical therapy
        Video recording
        Pain measurement
      sug:
        subj:
          Communication
          Facial expression
          Judgment (Psychology)
          Pain management
          Diagnosis of dementia
          Treatment of dementia
          Algorithms
          Physical therapy
          Video recording
          Pain measurement
      keyword:
        Behavioral assessment
        Elderly
        Nonverbal expression
        Older adults
        PACSLAC-II
        Behavioral assessment
        Elderly
        Nonverbal expression
        Older adults
        PACSLAC-II
      ab: Facial expressions of pain are important in assessing individuals with dementia and severe communicative limitations. Though frontal views of the face are assumed to allow for the most valid and reliable observational assessments, the impact of viewing angle is unknown. We video-recorded older adults with and without dementia using cameras capturing different observational angles (e.g., front vs. profile view) both during a physiotherapy examination designed to identify painful areas and during a baseline period. Facial responses were coded using the fine-grained Facial Action Coding System, as well as a systematic clinical observation method. Coding was conducted separately for panoramic (incorporating left, right, and front views), and a profile view of the face. Untrained observers also judged the videos in a laboratory setting. Trained coder reliability was satisfactory for both the profile and panoramic view. Untrained observer judgments from a profile view were substantially more accurate compared to the front view and accounted for more variance in differentiating non-painful from painful situations. The findings add specificity to the communications models of pain (clarifying factors influencing observers' ability to decode pain messages). Perhaps more importantly, the findings have implications for the development of computer vision algorithms and vision technologies designed to monitor and interpret facial expressions in a pain context. That is, the performance of such automated systems is heavily influenced by how reliably these human annotations could be provided and, hence, evaluation of human observers' reliability, from multiple angles of observation, has implications for machine learning development efforts.
      pubtype: Academic Journal
      doctype: Article
      src: R
    language: English
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